Abies balsamea
BALSAM FIR
- Grows in a pyramidal, open habit
- Needles are emerald-green
- One of the most aromatic of all firs
HEIGHT: 18-20 m · SPREAD: 6-8 m
Acer circinatum
VINE MAPLE
- Dense, rounded to vase-shaped form with irregular branching
- White flowers emerge before the leaves
- Red two-winged samaras turn brown before dropping in the summer
HEIGHT: 12-15 m · SPREAD: 9-12 m
Acer negundo
BOXELDER MAPLE
- Medium-sized tree with irregular branching
- Pinnate-compound leaves are light green on top, paler green below
- Leaflets vary in shape
HEIGHT: 14-18 m · SPREAD: 12-16 m
Acer nigrum
BLACK MAPLE
- A subspecies of Sugar maple, better adapted to hot, dry conditions
- Leaves have a rougher texture than the sugar maple, with its lobes typically drooping downward
- Light green summer foliage turns bright yellow in the fall, at times orange to red
HEIGHT: 15-17 m · SPREAD: 7-8 m
Acer pensylvanicum
STRIPED MAPLE
- Small, rounded, irregular crown
- Yellow-green bell-shaped flowers appear in pendulous clusters
- Three-lobed leaves emerge green with pink hues in the spring
HEIGHT: 7-8 m · SPREAD: 6-7 m
Acer rubrum
RED MAPLE
- Small to medium-sized broad-leaved hardwood
- Crown is small, dense and narrow with spreading or ascending branches
- Flowers appear in bright red clusters
HEIGHT: 12-15 m · SPREAD: 10-12 m
Acer saccharinum
SILVER MAPLE
- Fast-growing, tall, with a rounded, open, spreading crown
- Small yellow flowers appear in clusters before the foliage
- Deeply lobed light green leaves have silvery undersides
HEIGHT: 18-20 m · SPREAD: 15-18 m
Acer saccharum
SUGAR MAPLE
- Upright growing, with a dense rounded crown
- Insignificant flowers appear just before the leaves
- Fruit (samaras in pairs) ripen early fall
HEIGHT: 25-30 m · SPREAD: 15-18 m
Acer saccharum 'Arrowhead'
ARROWHEAD MAPLE
- Dense, upright, pyramidal habit
- Insignificant flowers appear just before the leaves
- Fruit (samaras in pairs) ripen early fall
HEIGHT: 15-18 m · SPREAD: 8-10 m
Acer saccharum Steeple® ('Astis')
STEEPLE SUGAR® MAPLE
- Upright oval shape
- Dark green foliage turns yellow-orange in the fall
- Heat tolerant and drought resistant
HEIGHT: 14-16 m · SPREAD: 8-9 m
Acer saccharum Fall Fiesta® ('Bailsta') (PP11119)
FALL FIESTA® SUGAR MAPLE
- Rounded, upright shape
- Insignificant yellow-green flowers
- Dark green foliage in the spring and summer
HEIGHT: 15-18 m · SPREAD: 13-15 m
Acer saccharum Apollo® ('Barrett Cole')
APOLLO® SUGAR MAPLE
- Uniquely narrow with dense branching and a compact, columnar form
- Dark green foliage withstands summer heat
- Vibrant red, golden-yellow, and orange in the fall
HEIGHT: 8-9 m · SPREAD: 2-3 m
Acer saccharum 'Bonfire'
BONFIRE MAPLE
- Fast-growing, densely branched, oval to rounded habit
- Foliage is medium green in the summer
- Brilliant yellow, orange to red leaves in the fall
HEIGHT: 12-15 m · SPREAD: 10-12 m
Acer saccharum 'Columnare'
COLUMNAR SUGAR MAPLE
- Narrow, upright crown, typically branched to the ground
- Foliage is green in the summer, becoming orange-red in the fall
- Use individually for a vertical accent, or in a row for screening
HEIGHT: 10-12 m · SPREAD: 2-3 m
Acer saccharum 'Commemoration'
COMMEMORATION SUGAR MAPLE
- Columnar, vase-shaped habit
- Small, creamy-yellow flowers appear before the leaves
- Leaves are thick and leathery and tatter resistant
HEIGHT: 14-15 m · SPREAD: 9-10 m
Acer saccharum 'Endowment' (PP4654)
ENDOWMENT SUGAR MAPLE
- Extremely narrow, upright, branching habit
- Foliage is dark green in the summer
- Vibrant yellow to orange leaves in the fall
HEIGHT: 15-17 m · SPREAD: 4-6 m
Acer saccharum Majesty® ('Flax Mill') (PP5273)
MAJESTY® SUGAR MAPLE
- Large oval growth habit
- Foliage is dark green in the summer, turning orange-red in the fall
- A showy specimen for any large lawn or park
HEIGHT: 19-20 m · SPREAD: 13-14 m
Acer saccharum 'Green Mountain' (PP2339)
GREEN MOUNTAIN SUGAR MAPLE
- Broad, pyramidal habit with a strong, central leader, becoming oval with maturity
- Summer foliage is dark green on top and pale green beneath
- Brilliant red to burnt orange, fall colour
HEIGHT: 18-20 m · SPREAD: 15-17 m
Acer saccharum Unity® ('Jefcan')
UNITY® SUGAR MAPLE
- Slow-growing, pyramidal to oval crown
- Green leaves hang from longer than normal petioles
- Fall foliage is yellow to orange-red
HEIGHT: 10-12 m · SPREAD: 7-8 m
Acer saccharum Flashfire® ('JFS-Caddo2') (PP23361)
FLASHFIRE® SUGAR MAPLE
- Selected from the Caddo Mountain seedings
- Broadly oval habit
- Dark green foliage in summer
HEIGHT: 13-14 m · SPREAD: 12-13 m
Acer saccharum Autumn Fest® ('JFS-KW8') (PP22034)
AUTUMN FEST® SUGAR MAPLE
- Upright growth habit with a strong central leader
- Faster growing than most sugar maple cultivars
- Dark green foliage in the summer
HEIGHT: 14-15 m · SPREAD: 10-11 m
Acer saccharum 'Legacy' (PP4979)
LEGACY SUGAR MAPLE
- Densely branched, rounded to oval form
- Shiny, dark green leaves in the summer
- Fall foliage is bright red to orange with some golden-yellow
HEIGHT: 17-20 m · SPREAD: 12-14 m
Acer saccharum 'Super Sweet'
SUPER SWEET SUGAR MAPLE
- Developed for its sap and maple syrup production
- Upright growing, with a dense rounded crown
- Lush green foliage through the summer
HEIGHT: 20-25 m · SPREAD: 15-20 m
Acer spicatum
MOUNTAIN MAPLE
- Large shrub or small tree; not normally formal
- Leaves are dull, textured, and light green
- Small white flowers form spiky racemes
HEIGHT: 6-7 m · SPREAD: 2-3 m
Acer tegmentosum 'Joe Witt'
MANCHU STRIPED MAPLE
- Small to medium ornamental tree
- Yellow-green bell-shaped flowers appear in dangling clusters
- Three-lobed leaves emerge light green, maturing dark green
HEIGHT: 9-10 m · SPREAD: 7-8 m
Achillea ptarmica 'The Pearl'
SNEEZEWORT
- Quick spreading rhizomatous perennial
- Tight button-like double white flowers
- Lance-shaped dark green leaves with fine-toothed margins
HEIGHT: 50-60 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Acorus americanus
SWEET FLAG
- Hardy perennial, swamp or bog plant
- Foliage and rhizomes have a sweet citrus scent when bruised or cut
- Wheat-like flowers
HEIGHT: 60-90 cm · SPREAD: 70-90 cm
Actaea pachypoda
WHITE BANEBERRY
- Jagged green leaves on strong reddish stems
- Clusters of fragrant white flowers
- After flowering, tiny white berries appear
HEIGHT: 60-90 cm · SPREAD: 60-90 cm
Actaea pachypoda 'Misty Blue'
DOLL'S EYES
- Sport of Actaea pachypoda
- White flowers produce white berries
- Mounds of bluish-green leaves on reddish stems
HEIGHT: 60-90 cm · SPREAD: 60-90 cm
Actaea rubra
RED BANEBERRY
- Lightly scented delicate white flowers
- Fine-textured foliage with an airy habit
- After flowering, red berry clusters appear
HEIGHT: 60-90 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Adiantum pedatum
NORTHERN MAIDENHAIR FERN
- Delicate bright green fronds with black-purple stems
- Spreads by shallow rhizomes to form a dense ground cover
- Slower-growing fern, taking 2-3 years to reach mature size
HEIGHT: 30-50 cm · SPREAD: 30-50 cm
Adiantum venustum
HIMALAYAN MAIDENHAIR FERN
- Black stems holding small delicate soft green leaves
- Slower growing fern, taking 2-3 years to reach mature size
- Foliage can be an interesting texture in arrangements
HEIGHT: 20-30 cm · SPREAD: 30-50 cm
Agastache foeniculum
ANISE HYSSOP
- AKA Agastache anethiodora, Agastache anisata
- Tall upright clumping perennial
- Dense spikes of lavender-purple flowers with violet bracts
HEIGHT: 100-125 cm · SPREAD: 70-90 cm
Agastache foeniculum 'Blue Fortune'
ANISE HYSSOP
- Spikes of long-lasting (edible) blue flowers
- Licorice-scented (edible) green leaves
- Attracts butterflies and hummingbirds
HEIGHT: 60-90 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Agastache rugosa 'Golden Jubilee'
GOLDEN JUBILEE HYSSOP
- Spikes of fragrant blue flowers
- Deadheading will prolong the flowering time
- Chartreuse coleus-like foliage
HEIGHT: 60-90 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Agastache scrophulariaefolia
PURPLE GIANT HYSSOP
- Strong, tall central stems
- Blooms are pale purple and open slowly over a period of weeks
- They are nectar-rich, which makes them highly attractive to pollinators
HEIGHT: 125-175 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Agastache x 'Black Adder'
HYSSOP
- Dark purple-black buds open to violet-blue flowers
- Upright, clump forming habit
- Licorice-scented foliage
HEIGHT: 90-120 cm · SPREAD: 45-60 cm
Agastache x 'Blue Boa' (PP24050, COPF)
HYSSOP
- Deep violet-blue spikes over green foliage
- Flowers are long, wide, and extremely showy
- Drought tolerant when established
HEIGHT: 45-60 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Agastache x 'Cotton Candy' (PP20991, COPF)
HUMMINGBIRD MINT
- Dense upright spikes of pink flowers
- Green foliage with a low branching habit
- Easy and vigorous grower
HEIGHT: 50-60 cm · SPREAD: 40-45 cm
Agastache x 'Rosie Posie' (PP25857, COPF)
ANISE HYSSOP
- Loads of hot pink flowers with magenta calyxes
- Showy long after flowering, because of the calyxes
- Compact rounded habit
HEIGHT: 45-60 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Alisma plantago-aquatica
BROADLEAF WATER PLANTAIN
- Airy, white flowers
- Clump-forming perennial with hairless plantain-like foliage emerging in early spring
- Foliage stands 60 cm above the waterline
HEIGHT: 60-70 cm · SPREAD: 30-50 cm
Allium cernuum
NODDING ONION
- Best described as a dangling cyme of little florets
- Flowers are commonly pink and sometimes white
- Flowers mature into fruit opening to show glossy dark seeds
HEIGHT: 45-60 cm · SPREAD: 25-30 cm
Allium christophii
STAR OF PERSIA
- A bulbous perennial with large spherical pale lavender flower heads
- Strap-like gray-green basal leaves form a clump of foliage
- Blooms appear as leaves begin to die back
HEIGHT: 30-100 cm · SPREAD: 25-30 cm
Allium schoenoprasum 'Forescate'
GIANT-FLOWERED CHIVES
- 'Forescate' is taller and more vigorous than the species
- Deep pink to purple spherical flowers
- Both the leaves and the flowers are edible
HEIGHT: 25-30 cm · SPREAD: 35-40 cm
Allium schoenoprasum 'Rising Star'
CHIVES
- 'Rising Star' is shorter and more vigorous than the species
- Spherical lavender flowers
- Fine-textured gray-green hollow grass-like foliage
HEIGHT: 25-30 cm · SPREAD: 25-30 cm
Alnus rugosa
SPECKLED ALDER
- Pyramidal to oval growth habit
- Noted for its speckled bark
- Oval to rounded leaves, margins uneven and double-toothed
HEIGHT: 13-15 m · SPREAD: 8-10 m
Amelanchier alnifolia
SASKATOON BERRY
- Lightly fragrant white flowers are held erect
- Sweet black-blue berries are good for eating and making jelly
- Gray-green foliage turns to brilliant yellow-orange in the fall
HEIGHT: 250-300 cm · SPREAD: 150-200 cm
Amelanchier alnifolia Standing Ovation™ ('Obelisk')
STANDING OVATION™ SERVICEBERRY
- Upright, uniform habit with a slender form
- Fragrant white flowers cover the plant in the spring
- Flowers lead to edible berries appearing green/white, changing to red, then dark blue
HEIGHT: 300-350 cm · SPREAD: 100-125 cm
Amelanchier alnifolia 'Regent'
REGENT SASKATOON BERRY
- Lightly fragrant white flowers are held erect
- Sweet black-blue berries are good for eating and making jelly
- Gray-green foliage turns to brilliant yellow-orange in the fall
HEIGHT: 125-175 cm · SPREAD: 200-250 cm
Amelanchier canadensis
SERVICEBERRY
- White flowers
- Grayish-green round leaves turn to medium-green in the summer
- Brilliant yellow to red colour in the fall
HEIGHT: 5-6 m · SPREAD: 3-4 m
Amelanchier canadensis Rainbow Pillar® ('Glenn Form') (PP9092)
RAINBOW PILLAR® SERVICEBERRY
- Dense upright narrow form of amelanchier
- Clusters of fragrant showy white flowers appear before the leaves
- Attractive to birds, sweet black berries are produced in June
HEIGHT: 5-6 m · SPREAD: 2-3 m
Amelanchier humilis
LOW SHADBUSH
- White flowers are held in erect clusters
- Oval to rounded green foliage
- Brilliant yellow to red foliage in the fall
HEIGHT: 150-175 cm · SPREAD: 250-300 cm
Amelanchier laevis
ALLEGHENY SERVICEBERRY
- Lightly fragrant drooping clusters of white flowers appear before the foliage
- Edible red berries ripen to dark purplish-black in June
- Glossy leaves emerge bronzish-purple, maturing to dark green
HEIGHT: 4-5 m · SPREAD: 4-5 m
Amelanchier laevis 'Cumulus'
CUMULUS SERVICEBERRY
- Upright growing, with a pyramidal to oval habit
- Pure white flowers cover the whole plant before the leaves emerge
- Red berries appear in the summer, ripening to black by fall
HEIGHT: 8-9 m · SPREAD: 5-6 m
Amelanchier laevis Spring Flurry® ('JFS-Arb') (PP15304)
SPRING FLURRY® SERVICEBERRY
- Upright oval growth habit with a strong central leader
- Pure white flowers cover the whole plant in spring
- Fruit is a small edible purple-blue berry
HEIGHT: 9-10 m · SPREAD: 5-6 m
Amelanchier lamarckii
JUNEBERRY
- Lightly fragrant loose clusters of white flowers appear before the leaves
- Edible red berries ripen to dark purplish-black in June
- Glossy leaves emerge bronzish-purple, maturing to dark green
HEIGHT: 9-10 m · SPREAD: 4-5 m
Amelanchier x grandiflora
APPLE SERVICEBERRY
- Drooping clusters of light pink flowers fade to white, appearing before the leaves
- Edible red berries ripen to dark purplish-black in June, attracting birds and other wildlife
- Glossy leaves emerge bronzish-purple, maturing to dark green
HEIGHT: 5-6 m · SPREAD: 4-5 m
Amelanchier x grandiflora 'Autumn Brilliance' (PP5717)
AUTUMN BRILLIANCE SERVICEBERRY
- Upright oval growth habit
- Slightly fragrant showy white flowers in drooping clusters
- Edible fruit shows green, then red, and finally purple-blue
HEIGHT: 8-9 m · SPREAD: 5-7 m
Amelanchier x grandiflora 'Ballerina'
BALLERINA SERVICEBERRY
- Neatly branched broad upright habit
- Flowers are white and relatively large
- Foliage is dark green and oval, with a fine serration at the edges
HEIGHT: 5-6 m · SPREAD: 4-5 m
Amelanchier x grandiflora 'Cole's Select'
COLE'S SELECT SERVICEBERRY
- Upright spreading habit
- Young leaves emerge purplish, turning to medium-green
- White flowers are followed by red to purplish-black berries
HEIGHT: 5-6 m · SPREAD: 4-5 m
Amelanchier x grandiflora 'Princess Diana'
PRINCESS DIANA SERVICEBERRY
- Lightly fragrant loose clusters of white flowers appear before the leaves
- Edible red berries ripen to dark purplish-black in June
- Glossy leaves emerge bronzish-purple, maturing to dark green
HEIGHT: 5-6 m · SPREAD: 3-4 m
Amelanchier x grandiflora 'Robin Hill'
ROBIN HILL SERVICEBERRY
- Oval-shaped crown with slightly ascending branches
- Soft pale pink flowers fade to white before the leaves emerge
- Sweet juicy edible blue-black fruit
HEIGHT: 6-8 m · SPREAD: 4-5 m
Ammophila breviligulata
AMERICAN BEACH GRASS
- Long narrow soft-textured golden-tan flower spikes
- Gray-green leaf blades are narrow with extremely sharp tips
- This is a great low-maintenance grass for erosion control
HEIGHT: 60-90 cm · SPREAD: 100-125 cm
Amorpha canescens
LEAD PLANT
- Woody perennial
- Tiny bluish-purple flower spikes with gold anthers
- Pinnately compound grayish-green leaflets
HEIGHT: 60-80 cm · SPREAD: 60-80 cm
Anaphalis margaritacea
PEARLY EVERLASTING
- Small white button-like flowers with yellow centres
- Forms a bushy mound of hairy silver-gray foliage
- Often found along roadsides and in disturbed areas
HEIGHT: 60-80 cm · SPREAD: 30-60 cm
Andropogon gerardii
BIG BLUE STEM
- Dense, slightly arching clump of blue-green leaves
- Leaves turn a bronze-red in the fall and colour remains through the winter months
- Three-pronged burgundy-purple seed heads are held on sturdy stems
HEIGHT: 150-200 cm · SPREAD: 60-100 cm
Andropogon gerardii 'Indian Warrior' (PP24999)
BIG BLUE STEM
- Upright dense clump of blue-green leaves
- Leaves turn a bronze-red in the fall and colour remains throughout the winter months
- Three-pronged purple seed heads are held on sturdy stems
HEIGHT: 150-175 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Andropogon gerardii 'Red October' (PPAF)
BIG BLUE STEM
- Foliage emerges deep green with red highlights in the spring
- Leaves turn a reddish-bronze with lavender tones in autumn
- Deep burgundy-purple three-pronged seed heads are held on sturdy stems
HEIGHT: 150-200 cm · SPREAD: 60-100 cm
Andropogon virginicus
BROOM SEDGE
- Narrow clumps of green stems and leaves turn purplish-red
- Fall colour is a bright orange changing to straw-yellow in the winter
- Prolific seed producer with high germination rates
HEIGHT: 100-125 cm · SPREAD: 40-60 cm
Anemone canadensis
CANADA ANEMONE
- Other common names: Windflower, Meadow anemone
- Single layered white blooms with yellow centres
- A robust perennial with deeply lobed green foliage
HEIGHT: 30-50 cm · SPREAD: 30-50 cm
Anemone cylindrica
WINDFLOWER
- Upright slender habit and clumping form
- Deeply lobed green, basal leaves
- Greenish-white blooms produce thimble-shaped seed heads
HEIGHT: 30-60 cm · SPREAD: 70-150 cm
Anemone hupehensis var. japonica 'Pamina'
JAPANESE ANEMONE
- Delicate nodding semi-double rose-pink flowers
- Lustrous green dense foliage
- A low-maintenance compact selection
HEIGHT: 50-80 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Anemone sylvestris
SNOWDROP WINDFLOWER
- Delicate nodding white flowers
- Yellow stamens centre the white cup-shaped flowers
- Low mound of dense, fern-like foliage
HEIGHT: 30-45 cm · SPREAD: 25-40 cm
Anemone x hybrida 'Curtain Call Deep Rose' (PPAF PP30520)
JAPANESE ANEMONE
- Bright rose pink flowers above a compact mound of green foliage
- The flowers produce a double row of petals on short stems
- Attractive glossy green foliage
HEIGHT: 40-50 cm · SPREAD: 40-50 cm
Anemone x hybrida 'Honorine Jobert'
JAPANESE ANEMONE
- Poppy-like single white blooms on tall stems make excellent cut flowers
- Deep green foliage on branching stems
- Deer and rabbit resistant
HEIGHT: 90-125 cm · SPREAD: 60-90 cm
Anemone x hybrida Queen Charlotte ('Konigin Charlotte')
JAPANESE ANEMONE
- Semi-double soft pink flowers
- Divided dark green clematis-like leaves
- Flowers add height to these late-blooming plants
HEIGHT: 60-90 cm · SPREAD: 24-30 cm
Anemone x hybrida 'Party Dress' (PP13844)
JAPANESE ANEMONE
- Outstanding double flowering pink with yellow-green centres
- Attractive glossy green foliage
- Deer and rabbit resistant
HEIGHT: 75-90 cm · SPREAD: 50-80 cm
Anemone x hybrida 'September Charm'
WINDFLOWER
- AKA: Anemone hupensis var. japonica 'September Charm'
- Tall stems of single pink flowers
- Flowers arch above dark green airy foliage
HEIGHT: 75-90 cm · SPREAD: 50-75 cm
Anemone x hybrida 'Sweetly' (PP31089)
FALL IN LOVE™ JAPANESE ANEMONE
- Rich pink flowers in early fall
- Semi-double flowers above a large mound of dark green foliage
- Deer and rabbit resistant
HEIGHT: 50-60 cm · SPREAD: 60-80 cm
Anemone x hybrida 'Whirlwind'
JAPANESE ANEMONE
- Large white semi-double blooms with yellow centres
- Attractive mounds of rich dark green leaves
- Blooms freely and continuously until frost
HEIGHT: 80-100 cm · SPREAD: 60-90 cm
Anemonella thalictroides
RUE ANEMONE
- AKA Thalictrum thalictroides, Syndesmon thalictroides
- Reddish stems and foliage emerge in late March
- Small dainty pale pink to white flowers with yellow-green centres rise just above the foliage
HEIGHT: 15-20 cm · SPREAD: 15-20 cm
Antennaria plantaginifolia
PUSSYTOES
- Stoloniferous mat-forming perennial
- Fuzzy white flower heads tinged with pink
- Silver green foliage
HEIGHT: 30-50 cm · SPREAD: 60-80 cm
Anthemis tinctoria 'Kelwayi'
GOLDEN MARGUERITE
- An abundance of yellow daisy-like flowers
- Deeply cut lacy foliage
- Good cut flower, fresh or dried
HEIGHT: 60-80 cm · SPREAD: 30-50 cm
Aquilegia canadensis
WILD COLUMBINE
- Showy, nodding, bell-shaped flowers of pinkish-red and yellow
- Attractive divided light green foliage
- Naturalizing plant for rocky ledges or slopes and along woodland edges or ditches
HEIGHT: 40-50 cm · SPREAD: 30-40 cm
Aquilegia canadensis 'Corbett'
GOLDEN WILD COLUMBINE
- An abundance of yellow lantern-like flowers
- Attractive divided light green foliage
- Naturalizing plant for rocky ledges or slopes and along woodland edges or ditches
HEIGHT: 20-30 cm · SPREAD: 30-50 cm
Aquilegia vulgaris 'Nora Barlow'
COLUMBINE
- Unique blossoms are fully double
- Petals are red and pink with greenish-white margins
- Clumps of gray-greenlobed foliage
HEIGHT: 60-80 cm · SPREAD: 30-50 cm
Aquilegia x 'Blue Bird'
COLUMBINE
- Upward-facing flowers over compact foliage
- Bicoloured flowers with light blue sepals and white petals
- Fern-like gray-green foliage
HEIGHT: 45-50 cm · SPREAD: 25-30 cm
Aquilegia x 'Bunting'
COLUMBINE
- Upward-facing flowers over compact foliage
- Bicoloured flowers with sky-blue sepals and white petals
- Fern-like gray-green foliage
HEIGHT: 45-50 cm · SPREAD: 25-30 cm
Aquilegia x 'Cardinal'
COLUMBINE
- Upward-facing flowers over compact foliage
- Bicoloured flowers with red sepals and white petals
- Fern-like gray-green foliage
HEIGHT: 45-50 cm · SPREAD: 25-30 cm
Aquilegia x 'Dove'
COLUMBINE
- Upward-facing flowers over compact foliage
- White flowers have contrasting yellow stamens
- Fern-like gray-green foliage
HEIGHT: 45-50 cm · SPREAD: 25-30 cm
Aquilegia x 'Goldfinch'
COLUMBINE
- Upward-facing yellow flowers over compact foliage
- Fern-like gray-green foliage
- Bloom Time: Late spring to early summer
HEIGHT: 45-50 cm · SPREAD: 25-30 cm
Aquilegia x 'Green Apples'
CLEMATIS-FLOWERED COLUMBINE
- Cultivar of clematiflora
- Lime-green buds form mid-spring
- Clusters of double clematis-like creamy-white flowers
HEIGHT: 50-75 cm · SPREAD: 40-60 cm
Aquilegia x 'Robin'
COLUMBINE
- Upward-facing flowers over compact foliage
- Bicoloured flowers with rose sepals and white petals
- Fern-like gray-green foliage
HEIGHT: 30-50 cm · SPREAD: 25-30 cm
Aralia racemosa
AMERICAN SPIKENARD
- Smooth purple-black stems each hold few leaves
- Huge compound leaves on this herbaceous perennial
- Thick spikes of small green-white flowers beginning in June lead to clusters of green berries turning
HEIGHT: 125-150 cm · SPREAD: 125-150 cm
Arisaema consanguineum
HIMALAYAN JACK-IN-THE-PULPIT
- Numerous narrow leaflets with slender drip tips crown each stem
- Unusual hooded or cobra-like flowers are pure green to white with brown stripes
- Flowers are surrounded by a green spadix
HEIGHT: 80-100 cm · SPREAD: 25-30 cm
Arisaema griffithii
GRIFFITH'S COBRA LILY
- The large spathe or 'pulpit' is produced at ground level
- The spathe is hooded and deeply veined with green over dark purple-brown
- Trifoliate leaves with prominent dark veins on the undersides form a wrinkly umbrella over the spathe
HEIGHT: 50-60 cm
Arisaema triphyllum
JACK-IN-THE-PULPIT
- AKA Arisaema atrorubens
- Unique upright club-shaped spadix with hoods of green and maroon
- Attractive maroon stems
HEIGHT: 30-60 cm · SPREAD: 20-30 cm
Aronia melanocarpa 'Viking'
BLACK CHOKEBERRY
- Fragrant white flowers
- Glossy purple-black berries persist for a long period
- Glossy green leaves turn an outstanding red in the fall
HEIGHT: 100-125 cm · SPREAD: 80-100 cm
Artemisia ludoviciana
SILVER SAGEBRUSH
- Fragrant silver foliage turning slightly pink to orange in the fall
- Tiny silvery-white flower buds open to yellow
- Excellent for erosion control on slopes and in ditches
HEIGHT: 60-75 cm · SPREAD: 90-100 cm
Aruncus dioicus
GOAT'S BEARD
- Large white plumes form above lacy green foliage
- Excellent background plant for shady, moist spots
- Great massing perennial
HEIGHT: 120-180 cm · SPREAD: 100-150 cm
Asarum canadense
WILD GINGER
- Deep red to brown flowers
- Flowers are hidden under velvety dark green heart-shaped foliage
- Native to the Ontario woodlands
HEIGHT: 20-30 cm · SPREAD: 30-50 cm
Asclepias incarnata
SWAMP MILKWEED
- Pink flowers are followed by attractive seed pods
- Food source for Monarch butterflies and other beneficial insects
- Commonly found in swamps or wetland landscapes
HEIGHT: 100-125 cm · SPREAD: 60-90 cm
Asclepias incarnata 'Ice Ballet'
MILKWEED
- Vanilla-scented white flowers are followed by attractive seed pods
- Food source for Monarch butterflies
- Commonly found in swamps or wetland landscapes
HEIGHT: 90-120 cm · SPREAD: 60-80 cm
Asclepias syriaca
COMMON MILKWEED
- Pinkish-purple flowers
- Attractive seed pods remain when flowers finish
- Naturally found in open fields and along roadsides
HEIGHT: 80-100 cm · SPREAD: 30-40 cm
Asclepias tuberosa
BUTTERFLY MILKWEED
- Round clusters of orange flowers
- Attractive seed heads appear when flowers finish
- Food source for Monarch butterflies
HEIGHT: 30-60 cm · SPREAD: 30-50 cm
Asclepias tuberosa 'Hello Yellow'
BUTTERFLY MILKWEED
- Yellow flowers
- Attractive seed heads appear when flowers finish
- Cultivar of the native Asclepias tuberosa
HEIGHT: 45-70 cm · SPREAD: 30-50 cm
Asclepias verticillata
WHORLED MILKWEED
- Narrow whorled green foliage
- Sweet-scented greenish-white flowers
- Thin seed pods are left when flowers finish
HEIGHT: 30-60 cm · SPREAD: 20-30 cm
Asimina triloba
PAWPAW
- Small low branching tree, forming a dense pyramidal rounded crown
- Cup-shaped purple flowers
- Large, slightly drooping, elliptical green leaves turn yellow late in the fall
HEIGHT: 6-8 m · SPREAD: 5-6 m
Asplenium scolopendrium
HART'S TONGUE FERN
- AKA Phyllitis scolopendrium, Scolopendrium vulgare
- Low, upward-growing clumps of glossy narrow strap-like leathery leaves
- Edges are often wavy
HEIGHT: 30-40 cm · SPREAD: 30-45 cm
Asplenium scolopendrium 'Angustifolia'
NARROW LEAVED FERN
- AKA Phyllitis scolopendrium 'Angustifolia'
- Low, upward-growing clumps of glossy narrow strap-like leathery foliage with deeply serrated edges
- Spores darken with age on leaf undersides in a herring-bone format
HEIGHT: 30-45 cm · SPREAD: 30-45 cm
Aster alpinus var. vierhapperi
ALPINE ASTER
- AKA Aster culminis
- Low-growing ground cover with green foliage
- Pale to dark purple flowers
HEIGHT: 20-25 cm · SPREAD: 25-30 cm
Aster cordifolius
HEART-LEAVED ASTER
- AKA Symphyotrichum cordifolium
- Light blue to purple daisy-like blooms
- The centre florets are initially cream, maturing to a reddish-purple
HEIGHT: 50-60 cm · SPREAD: 60-80 cm
Aster divaricatus
WHITE WOOD ASTER
- AKA Eurybia divaricata
- Forms a low mound of green foliage
- Masses of small white daisy-like flowers are held on shiny black stems
HEIGHT: 30-60 cm · SPREAD: 30-50 cm
Aster ericoides
HEATH ASTER
- AKA Symphyotrichum ericoides
- Numerous small white daisy-like florets with yellow centres
- Hairy green stems turn brown as the plant matures
HEIGHT: 30-60 cm · SPREAD: 30-50 cm
Aster laevis
SMOOTH ASTER
- AKA Symphyotrichum laeve
- Extremely hardy
- Lavender to light blue flowers appear on hairless stems
HEIGHT: 60-100 cm · SPREAD: 30-60 cm
Aster lanceolatus
LANCE-LEAVED ASTER
- AKA Symphyotrichum lanceolatum
- Extremely hardy
- Variably-sized lavender to white flowers with yellow centres on the ends of nearly hairless stems
HEIGHT: 125-175 cm · SPREAD: 100-125 cm
Aster lateriflorus
CALICO ASTER
- AKA Symphyotrichum lateriflorum
- Very hardy
- Clusters of small white (to lightly purple) flowers with red-purple centres
HEIGHT: 90-100 cm · SPREAD: 90-100 cm
Aster macrophyllus
BIG LEAF ASTER
- AKA Eurybia macrophylla
- Leaves create ground cover like foliage that pushes clusters of lavender purple flowers.
HEIGHT: 30-40 cm · SPREAD: 30-50 cm
Aster novae-angliae
NEW ENGLAND ASTER
- AKA Symphyotrichum novae-angliae
- Large rose-purple flowers consisting of numerous rays around a yellow centre
- Upright habit with narrow hairy green leaves up to 10 cm long
HEIGHT: 100-125 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Aster novae-angliae 'September Ruby'
NEW ENGLAND ASTER
- AKA Symphyotrichum novae-angliae 'September Ruby'
- A vibrant bloom with deep ruby-red flowers
- They have a strong upright habit and abundant flower clusters when other plants have lost their bloom
HEIGHT: 100-125 cm · SPREAD: 40-60 cm
Aster novi-belgii
NEW YORK ASTER
- AKA Symphyotrichum novi-belgii
- This species provides autumn colour to the garden
- Flowers are mostly purple, sometimes shades of pink
HEIGHT: 90-100 cm · SPREAD: 60-90 cm
Aster oblongifolium
AROMATIC ASTER
- Late blooming aster that lasts deep into fall.
- Light purple clusters of daisy like flowers.
- Flowers are not scented.
HEIGHT: 60-70 cm · SPREAD: 30-90 cm
Aster oolentangiensis
SKY BLUE ASTER
- AKA Aster azureus or Symphyotrichum oolentangiense
- Flowers are made up of petals in varying shades of blue surrounding a yellow eye
- Naturally found in Southern Ontario in dry meadows, edges and open woods
HEIGHT: 60-80 cm · SPREAD: 30-60 cm
Aster puniceus
SWAMP ASTER
- AKA Symphyotrichum puniceum
- Flowers are usually pale blue, but can vary to deep blue or purple
- Stems are reddish-purple and usually hairy
HEIGHT: 90-125 cm · SPREAD: 30-40 cm
Aster shortii
SHORT'S ASTER
- AKA Symphyotrichum Shortii
- Blue-violet petals surrounding a yellow eye
- The centres start out yellow but turn red after pollination
HEIGHT: 80-90 cm · SPREAD: 75-80 cm
Aster umbellatus
FLAT-TOPPED ASTER, PARASOL WHITETOP
- AKA Doellingeria umbellata
- Flat-topped cluster of small white flowers
- Flowers appear earlier than most aster
HEIGHT: 100-175 cm · SPREAD: 30-50 cm
Betula alleghaniensis
YELLOW BIRCH
- AKA Betula lutea
- Upright, pyramidal habit with graceful ascending branches
- Bark is shiny, yellowish or silvery-gray, becoming reddish-brown with age
HEIGHT: 20-22 m · SPREAD: 12-15 m
Betula nana
ARCTIC DWARF BIRCH
- Low, compact, spreading habit
- Small, thick, rounded leaves
- Brown catkins
HEIGHT: 100 cm · SPREAD: 125 cm
Betula papyrifera
PAPER BIRCH
- Upright to oval, rounded crown
- White bark exfoliates in papery strips
- Mature trees develop black markings on the white bark
HEIGHT: 13-16 m · SPREAD: 10-12 m
Betula populifolia 'Whitespire'
ASIAN WHITE BIRCH
- AKA Betula populifolia 'Whitespire Senior'
- Upright, pyramidal habit
- Chalky-white bark does not peel
HEIGHT: 7-8 m · SPREAD: 5-6 m
Boltonia asteroides 'Snowbank'
BOLTON'S ASTER
- Other common names: Thousand-flowered Aster, False Camomile
- Thousands of lacy white daisies with yellow centres
- Upright hairless stems of fine-toothed lance-shaped leaves
HEIGHT: 120-150 cm · SPREAD: 75-90 cm
Boltonia asteroides var. latisquama Jim Crocket™ ('Masbolimket') (PP16678)
BOLTON'S ASTER
- Other common names: Thousand-flowered Aster, False Camomile
- Upright, compact, mounding habit
- Pale violet daisies with yellow centres
HEIGHT: 45-55 cm · SPREAD: 60-70 cm
Bouteloua curtipendula
SIDE OATS GRAMA
- AKA Bouteloua racemosa
- Dense with slightly arching light green blades maturing gold and sometimes red
- Purplish flowers
HEIGHT: 40-100 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Bouteloua gracilis
BLUE GRAMA
- AKA Bouteloua oligostachya
- Dense with slightly arching grey-green blades maturing purple, then light brown
- Purplish flowers
HEIGHT: 50-60 cm · SPREAD: 25-30 cm
Bouteloua gracilis 'Blonde Ambition' (PP22048)
BLUE GRAMA
- Low tuft of fine-textured blue-green leaves
- Chartreuse flowers age to blonde
- Seed stems produce seeds late summer, at right angles to the stems
HEIGHT: 50-60 cm · SPREAD: 25-30 cm
Bromus kalmii
PRAIRIE BROME
- Clumps of dark green stems holding either arching leaves or seeds
- Seed stems produce silvery pendulous seeds late spring
- Bloom Time: June to August
HEIGHT: 30-80 cm · SPREAD: 40-60 cm
Calamagrostis canadensis
CANADA BLUEJOINT
- This grass has a slightly arching upright habit
- Spreads more quickly than other calamagrostis species
- Leaves are rough with tiny hairs and bluish-green in colour
HEIGHT: 100-150 cm · SPREAD: 80-120 cm
Calamagrostis stricta
NEGLECTED REED GRASS
- AKA Calamagrostis neglecta
- Loose open panicles
- Forms a dense mat
HEIGHT: 60-120 cm · SPREAD: 80-120 cm
Calamintha nepeta subs. nepeta
CALAMINT
- Forms a dense, rhizomatous carpet
- Tiny, lilac to white flowers
- Very fragrant, gray-green foliage
HEIGHT: 30-45 cm · SPREAD: 45-60 cm
Callirhoe involucrata
PURPLE POPPY MALLOW
- Five-petaled cup-shaped magenta flowers with white centres
- Lush green foliage forms a low ground cover
- Behaves like an ivy
HEIGHT: 15-25 cm · SPREAD: 50-80 cm
Caltha palustris
MARSH MARIGOLD
- AKA Caltha polypetala
- Numerous, waxy, yellow, buttercup-like flowers
- Kidney-shaped, glossy, dark green leaves, up to 10 cm long, form low mounds
HEIGHT: 30-40 cm · SPREAD: 30-40 cm
Campanula americana
TALL BELLFLOWER
- AKA Campanulastrum americanum
- Flat star-shaped five-lobed blue flowers with a white inner circle
- Heart-shaped dark green hairy scalloped leaves
HEIGHT: 90-150 cm · SPREAD: 30-50 cm
Campanula rotundifolia
HAREBELL
- Dainty bell-like light blue flowers held on upright stems
- Buds are upright but flowers nod when open
- Heart-shaped fine-toothed basal green leaves form low clumps
HEIGHT: 30-60 cm · SPREAD: 20-45 cm
Carex bebbii
BEBB'S SEDGE
- Clump-forming sedge with a cascading appearance
- Green leaves, 6 mm wide, are triangular in cross section
- Seed heads are decorative
HEIGHT: 60-80 cm · SPREAD: 5-10 cm
Carex crinita
FRINGED SEDGE
- Tuft-forming sedge with an upright, cascading habit
- Strap-like leaves are green, about 12 mm wide, triangular in cross section
- Bristly flower spikelets top this plant
HEIGHT: 100-125 cm · SPREAD: 100-125 cm
Carex eburnea
BRISTLE-LEAF SEDGE
- Forms a small rounded clump of soft green thread-like foliage
- Insignificant white-green flowers
- Bloom Time: Spring
HEIGHT: 15-20 cm · SPREAD: 15-20 cm
Carex grayi
MORNING STAR SEDGE
- Forms a slightly arching tight upright clump
- Semi-evergreen leaf blades are 15 mm wide
- Flower spikes are followed by unique light green star or mace-shaped seed pods
HEIGHT: 60-80 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Carex hystericina
PORCUPINE SEDGE
- Tuft-forming sedge with an upright, cascading habit
- Leaves are green, about 6 mm wide, triangular in cross section
- Prickly cylindrical spikelets
HEIGHT: 60-80 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Carex lacustris
HAIRY SEDGE
- A.K.A Carex riparia
- Large upright grass with leaves and seeds growing off the same stem
- Stems are bluish-green, triangular in cross section
HEIGHT: 100-125 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Carex muskingumensis
PALM SEDGE GRASS
- Semi-upright clump-forming sedge with a cascading look
- Bright green foliage and divided leaves provide a tropical appearance
- Small golden-brown flowers
HEIGHT: 60-75 cm · SPREAD: 45-60 cm
Carex muskingumensis 'Little Midge'
MINIATURE PALM SEDGE
- Small clump-forming sedge with a mounding, cascading habit
- Shade will produce a darker green foliage
- Foliage looks like tiny palm fronds
HEIGHT: 15-20 cm · SPREAD: 20-25 cm
Carex nigra
BLACK SEDGE
- Semi-evergreen low mound of narrow arching blue-green to blue-gray leaves
- Chocolate-brown to black flowers above the foliage
- Spreads slowly by rhizomes and can be used as a ground cover if given ample moisture
HEIGHT: 20-25 cm · SPREAD: 25-30 cm
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Carex pensylvanica 'Straw Hat' (PP29432)
STRAW HAT SEDGE
- Low green sedge with yellow flowers
- Partial sun to full shade
- Cool season grass
HEIGHT: 20-25 cm · SPREAD: 15-30 cm
Carex plantaginea
PLANTAIN-LEAVED SEDGE
- Semi-evergreen clump-forming sedge with a mounding habit
- Puckered leaves, unusually wide at 25 mm, are mostly green but purplish at the base
- Leaves are rippled and dimpled along the midribs
HEIGHT: 20-25 cm · SPREAD: 30-40 cm
Carex platyphylla
SILVER SEDGE
- Upright mounding sedge with inconspicuous seed heads
- Frosty blue semi-evergreen leaves are up to 25 mm wide
- Small green seed heads change to brown in the summer
HEIGHT: 20-50 cm · SPREAD: 40-40 cm
Carex pseudocyperus
CYPRESS SEDGE
- Tuft-forming grass with an upright, cascading habit
- Leaves are yellow-green, about 6 mm wide and triangular in cross section
- Spikes of tiny green or brown flowers
HEIGHT: 60-90 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Carex rosea
ROSY SEDGE
- Thick clumps of delicate arching foliage
- Deep green narrow leaves
- Produces unique star-like seed clusters
HEIGHT: 20-30 cm · SPREAD: 5-10 cm
Carex stipata
AWL FRUITED SEDGE
- Tuft-forming sedge with an upright, cascading habit
- Leaves are green, about 6 mm wide, triangular in cross section
- Brownish-green flower heads look like bushy foxtails
HEIGHT: 90-125 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Carex stricta
TUSSOCK SEDGE
- AKA Carex elata
- Slender upright sedge with leaves and seeds growing off the same stems
- Stems are bluish-green, triangular in cross section
HEIGHT: 60-90 cm · SPREAD: 30-50 cm
Carex vulpinoidea
FOX SEDGE
- Slender upright, slightly arching sedge common to Ontario's wetlands
- Stems are bluish-green, triangular in cross-section
- Seed heads, at same height as the leaves, resemble a fox's tail
HEIGHT: 50-90 cm · SPREAD: 40-50 cm
Carpinus caroliniana
BLUE BEECH/MUSCLEWOOD
- Rounded to oval crown with wide spreading branches
- Attractive yellow or green catkins
- Catkins turn into distinctive clusters of winged nutlets
HEIGHT: 8-10 m · SPREAD: 8-10 m
Carya cordiformis
BITTERNUT HICKORY
- Open, broadly columnar with an irregular oval to rounded crown
- Distinctive sulphur-yellow buds
- Male and female flowers
HEIGHT: 15-20 m · SPREAD: 14-15 m
Carya glabra
PIGNUT HICKORY
- Open, rounded crown
- Yellowish-green, non-showy flowers
- Male and female flowers
HEIGHT: 14-16 m · SPREAD: 8-9 m
Carya ovata
SHAGBARK HICKORY
- Irregular oval-rounded growth habit
- The bark of mature trees is dark gray to brown and exfoliates in long strips
- Compound leaves are dark green with long and narrow pointed glossy leaflets
HEIGHT: 22-25 m · SPREAD: 15-17 m
Caulophyllum thalictroides
BLUE COHOSH
- Insignificant yellowish-green flowers
- Flowers finish and leave behind berry-like seeds
- As the seeds age, they take on a blue colour
HEIGHT: 45-70 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Celastrus orbiculatus
ORIENTAL BITTERSWEET
- AKA Celastrus articulatus
- Insignificant small green flowers
- Spherical berries are green when young and ripen to yellow in the fall
HEIGHT: 10-18 meters · SPREAD: 7-12 m
Celtis occidentalis
COMMON HACKBERRY
- Upright, arching branches with a rounded, spreading crown
- Bark develops corky ridges, tan when young, turning gray at maturity
- Simple ovate leaves, with serrated margins, are light green in the summer
HEIGHT: 15-18 m · SPREAD: 14-16 m
Celtis occidentalis Ultra™ ('Ulzam')
ULTRA™ HACKBERRY
- Broadly-rounded shape
- Bluish-green foliage turning yellow in the fall
- High disease resistance
HEIGHT: 15-18 m · SPREAD: 14-16 m
Cephalanthus occidentalis
BUTTONBUSH
- Spherical clusters of white florets
- Green nutlets turn brown in the fall and persist into the winter
- Glossy foliage emerges in late spring
HEIGHT: 175-200 cm · SPREAD: 175-200 cm
Cercis canadensis
EASTERN REDBUD
- Sweetpea-like red-pink flowers bloom profusely on bare branches and even on mature trunks
- Fruit pods are brown and flat, about 5 cm long
- Heart-shaped green leaves turn an attractive yellow in the fall
HEIGHT: 8-10 m · SPREAD: 7-8 m
Cercis canadensis 'Ace of Hearts' (PP17161)
ACE OF HEARTS REDBUD
- Red-purple sweet-pea-like flowers bloom profusely on bare branches and even on mature trunks
- Fruit pods are brown and flat, about 5 cm long
- Small green heart-shaped leaves turn an attractive yellow in the fall
HEIGHT: 3-4 m · SPREAD: 4-5 m
Cercis canadensis 'Appalachian Red'
APPALACHIAN RED REDBUD
- Deep purple sweet pea-like blooms appear almost neon red
- Prolific bloomer, although later than the species
- Semi-glossy heart-shaped green leaves
HEIGHT: 4-8 m · SPREAD: 4-6 m
Cercis canadensis Lavender Twist® ('Covey') (PP10328, COPF)
LAVENDER TWIST® REDBUD
- Red-purple sweet pea-like flowers bloom profusely on bare branches and even on mature trunks
- Fruit pods are brown and flat, about 5 cm long
- Small green heart-shaped leaves turn an attractive yellow in the fall
HEIGHT: 175-200 cm · SPREAD: 200-250 cm
Cercis canadensis 'Floating Clouds'
FLOATING CLOUDS REDBUD
- Small, spreading to rounded, graceful crown
- Red-purple sweetpea-like flowers bloom on bare branches and even on mature trunks
- Small white and green variegated heart-shaped leaves
HEIGHT: 4-4 m · SPREAD: 3-4 m
Cercis canadensis 'Forest Pansy' (PP2556)
FOREST PANSY REDBUD
- Red-purple, sweetpea-like flowers bloom profusely on bare branches and even on mature trunks
- Fruit pods are brown and flat, about 5 cm long
- Leaves emerge purple and fade as the summer season progresses
HEIGHT: 6-7 m · SPREAD: 9-10 m
Cercis canadensis 'Hearts of Gold' (PP17740)
HEARTS OF GOLD REDBUD
- Lavender sweet-pea-like flowers bloom profusely on bare branches and even on mature trunks
- Fruit pods are brown and flat, about 5 cm long
- Shoots emerge orange changing to yellow, shaded leaves are green
HEIGHT: 4-5 m · SPREAD: 5-6 m
Cercis canadensis Rising Sun™ ('JN2') (PP21451)
RISING SUN™ REDBUD
- Rosy-lavender, sweet pea-like flowers bloom profusely on bare branches and even on mature trunks
- Heart-shaped deep apricot-coloured leaves
- Shades of orange, gold, and yellow can appear at the same time
HEIGHT: 2-3 m · SPREAD: 2 m
Cercis canadensis 'Little Woody' (PP15854)
LITTLE WOODY REDBUD
- Lavender-pink sweet pea-like flowers bloom profusely on bare branches and even on mature trunks
- Fruit pods are brown and flat, about 5 cm long
- Textured, crinkled, blue-green leaves turn yellow in the fall
HEIGHT: 250-300 cm · SPREAD: 175-200 cm
Cercis canadensis 'Merlot' (PP22297)
MERLOT EASTERN REDBUD
- Rounded, spreading, compact form
- Magenta-red sweet pea-like flowers bloom on bare branches and even on mature trunks
- Heart-shaped glossy deep purple heat-resistant leaves
HEIGHT: 5-6 m · SPREAD: 6-7 m
Cercis canadensis 'Pink Heartbreaker' (PP23043)
PINK HEARTBREAKER REDBUD
- Exceptional weeping form with a strong branching habit
- Leaves emerge red, becoming dark green in the summer
- Lavender-pink sweet pea-like flowers bloom on bare branches and even on mature trunks
HEIGHT: 3-4 m · SPREAD: 4-5 m
Cercis canadensis 'Ruby Falls' (PP22097)
RUBY FALLS REDBUD
- Upright, weeping, sometimes with a contorted stem
- Rose-purple sweetpea-like flowers bloom on bare branches and even on mature trunks
- Small dark maroon heart-shaped leaves
HEIGHT: 175-200 cm · SPREAD: 125-150 cm
Cercis canadensis 'Silver Cloud'
SILVER CLOUD REDBUD
- Vase-shaped, rounded, graceful crown
- Rosy-pink sweet pea-like flowers bloom on bare branches and even on mature trunks
- Small heart-shaped leaves feature white, pink and green variegation
HEIGHT: 6-7 m · SPREAD: 6-7 m
Cercis canadensis 'Vanilla Twist' (PP22744)
VANILLA TWIST REDBUD
- Strong weeping form of cercis
- White sweet pea-like flowers bloom profusely on bare branches and even on mature trunks
- Soft dark green foliage
HEIGHT: 4 m · SPREAD: 3 m
Cercis canadensis f. alba
WHITE REDBUD
- White sweet pea-like flowers bloom profusely on bare branches and even on mature trunks
- Fruit pods are brown and flat, about 5 cm long
- Heart-shaped green leaves turn an attractive yellow in the fall
HEIGHT: 7-8 m · SPREAD: 8-10 m
Cercis canadensis f. alba 'Royal White'
ROYAL WHITE REDBUD
- Masses of white sweet pea-like flowers bloom profusely on bare branches and even on mature trunks
- Fruit pods are brown and flat, about 5 cm long
- Heart-shaped leaves emerge bronze, changing to dark green, then shades of yellow in the fall
HEIGHT: 9-10 m · SPREAD: 9-10 m
Chelone glabra
TURTLEHEAD
- AKA Chelone oblique 'Alba'
- Predominantly white flowers are sometimes tinged with pink
- Flowers are hooded and look similar to snapdragons
HEIGHT: 60-90 cm · SPREAD: 40-50 cm
Chelone glabra 'Black Ace'
WHITE TURTLEHEAD
- Foliage emerges in the spring with a very dark cast
- Leaves turn green as the summer progresses
- White flowers are hooded and look similar to snapdragons
HEIGHT: 100-150 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Chelone lyonii 'Hot Lips'
PINK TURTLEHEAD
- Rose-pink turtlehead-shaped flowers appear on reddish stems
- Oblong leaves emerge a glossy bronze maturing to dark green
- Bloom Time: September to October
HEIGHT: 60-75 cm · SPREAD: 60-80 cm
Chelone obliqua
PINK TURTLEHEAD
- Rose-pink turtlehead-shaped flowers are held on reddish stems
- Fine-toothed lance-shaped dark green leaves form on sturdy square stems
- Bloom Time: Late summer to October
HEIGHT: 80-90 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Chrysopsis villosa
GOLDEN ASTER
- AKA Heterotheca villosa
- Yellow daisy-like flowers with 10-25 petals per flower
- Hairy gray leaves are oblong, occasionally toothed, usually smooth-edged
HEIGHT: 30-40 cm · SPREAD: 30-45 cm
Cimicifuga racemosa
BLACK SNAKEROOT
- AKA Actaea racemosa
- Fragrant white bottlebrush-like flowers
- Clump forming perennial with green sharp-toothed leaves
HEIGHT: 100-175 cm · SPREAD: 60-90 cm
Cimicifuga ramosa 'Atropurpurea'
BLACK SNAKEROOT
- AKA Actaea ramosa 'Atropurpurea' or Actaea simplex 'Atropurpurea'
- Other common names: Black Cohosh, Purple-leaved Bugbane
- Panicles of pale pink to white florets on this clump forming perennial
HEIGHT: 125-175 cm · SPREAD: 60-80 cm
Cimicifuga ramosa 'Black Negligee'
PURPLE-LEAF BUGBANE
- AKA Actaea ramosa 'Black Negligee'
- Fragrant, purple-tinted, white panicles of florets, project upwards to about 125 cm
- Deeply cut, dark purplish-black leaves; one of the darkest foliage in the genus
HEIGHT: 80-125 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Cimicifuga ramosa 'Brunette'
PURPLE-LEAF BUGBANE
- AKA Actaea ramosa 'Brunette' or Actaea simplex 'Brunette'
- Pale pink to white panicles
- Deeply cut, dark purplish-brown leaves, rise to 80 cm
HEIGHT: 80-150 cm · SPREAD: 60-80 cm
Cimicifuga ramosa 'Hillside Black Beauty' (PP9988, COPF)
PURPLE-LEAF BUGBANE
- AKA Actaea ramosa 'Hillside Black Beauty' or Actaea simplex 'Hillside Black Beauty'
- Abundant panicles of white florets
- Flowers appear midsummer to mid-fall
HEIGHT: 150-175 cm · SPREAD: 60-80 cm
Cimicifuga ramosa 'Pink Spike'
PURPLE-LEAF BUGBANE
- AKA Actaea ramosa 'Pink Spike' or Actaea simplex 'Pink Spike'
- Long panicles of pink florets
- Dark bronze-purple foliage with compound, ternate, sharp-toothed leaves
HEIGHT: 80-150 cm · SPREAD: 60-70 cm
Cimicifuga x 'Chocoholic' (PP24821)
PURPLE-LEAF BUGBANE
- Long panicles of pink florets mature to white
- Dark bronze-purple foliage with compound, ternate, sharp-toothed leaves
- Excellent in mass, but also as a specimen
HEIGHT: 90-125 cm · SPREAD: 60-70 cm
Claytonia virginica
SPRING BEAUTY
- White to light pink five-petalled blooms have pink veins and anthers
- Flowers open on warm sunny days, cut stay closed on cloudy days and at night
- Spring ephemeral: Flowers finish and plant goes back into dormancy
HEIGHT: 10-15 cm · SPREAD: 15-25 cm
Comptonia peregrina
SWEET FERN
- Despite its name, it is not a fern, but actually a deciduous shrub
- Insignificant greenish flowers, both male and female on the same plant
- Brown burrs contain edible nutlets
HEIGHT: 30-90 cm · SPREAD: 30-150 cm
Coreopsis lanceolata
LANCE-LEAVED TICKSEED
- Daisy-like yellow flowers
- Eight petals with toothed edges surround a central yellow eye
- Narrow lance-shaped leaves, 25 cm long x 5 cm wide
HEIGHT: 30-60 cm · SPREAD: 30-50 cm
Coreopsis tripteris
TALL COREOPSIS
- Eight, yellow, ray petals surround a brown, central eye
- Thin, hairless, lance-shaped leaves are distributed along the stem
- One of the tallest species of coreopsis
HEIGHT: 125-200 cm · SPREAD: 60-100 cm
Cornus alba 'Sibirica Pearls'
REDBARK DOGWOOD
- AKA Swida alba 'Siberica Pearls'
- Tiny yellowish-white flowers in flat-topped clusters
- Abundant clusters of pure white berries in the summer
HEIGHT: 175-200 cm · SPREAD: 125-150 cm
Cornus alternifolia
PAGODA DOGWOOD
- AKA Swida alternifolia
- Tiny yellowish-white fragrant flowers in flat-topped clusters in late spring
- Clusters of bluish-black berries in the summer
HEIGHT: 4-5 m · SPREAD: 7-8 m
Cornus amomum
SILKY DOGWOOD
- AKA Swida amomum
- Flat-topped cluster of creamy-white flowers
- White berries will ripen to blue
HEIGHT: 200-250 cm · SPREAD: 200-250 cm
Cornus asperifolia var. drummondii
ROUGHLEAF DOGWOOD
- AKA Swida drummondii
- Oval, green foliage has a rough topside and downy underside
- Flowers are similar in appearance to Cornus racemosa
HEIGHT: 2-4 m · SPREAD: 2-4 m
Cornus canadensis
BUNCHBERRY
- AKA Chamaepericlymenum canadensis
- Beautiful native ground cover with small white flowers
- Flower bracts will develop a purplish tinge as they mature
HEIGHT: 10-15 cm · SPREAD: 20-30 cm
Cornus florida
WHITE FLOWERING DOGWOOD
- AKA Benthamidia florida
- White bracts are very showy around inconspicuous flowers before the leaves appear
- Glossy oval red fruits, held in clusters, are attractive to birds
HEIGHT: 7-8 m · SPREAD: 7-8 m
Cornus racemosa
GRAY DOGWOOD
- AKA Swida racemosa
- Panicles of white flowers in late spring lead to white berries in the fall
- Grayish-red young branches provide contrast in the winter
HEIGHT: 3-4 m · SPREAD: 3-4 m
Cornus sericea
RED OSIER DOGWOOD
- AKA Swida sericea
- Flat-topped panicles of small white flowers lead to white berries in the fall, attracting birds
- Dark red branches are attractive in the winter
HEIGHT: 175-200 cm · SPREAD: 200-250 cm
Cornus sericea 'Flaviramea'
YELLOWTWIG DOGWOOD
- YAKA Swida sericea 'Flaviramea'
- Yellow branches are attractive in winter
- Flat-topped clusters of white flowers in late spring lead to white berries in early fall
HEIGHT: 175-200 cm · SPREAD: 200-250 cm
Corydalis lutea
YELLOW CORYDALIS
- AKA Pseudofumaria lutea
- One of the longest-blooming shade plants available
- Yellow tubular flowers
HEIGHT: 30-45 cm · SPREAD: 30-50 cm
Corylus americana
AMERICAN HAZELNUT
- Male flowers are brown decorative catkins before the leaves appear
- Female flowers are small and red
- Edible fruit emerges white, turning brown in the summer
HEIGHT: 4-5 m · SPREAD: 2-3 m
Corylus cornuta
BEAKED HAZEL
- Male flowers are decorative brown catkins appearing before the leaves
- Female flowers are small and red
- Edible fruit emerges white, turning brown in the summer,
HEIGHT: 250-300 cm · SPREAD: 200-250 cm
Crataegus crus-galli
COCKSPUR HAWTHORN
- Broad, rounded crown, with a dense, horizontal branching
- Long, sharp thorns grow all along the branches
- Branches are covered in white flowers
HEIGHT: 8-10 m · SPREAD: 8-10 m
Crataegus mollis
DOWNY HAWTHORN
- Densely branched, rounded crown
- Branches are covered in white flowers in spring
- Flowers are followed by berries, ripening yellow-red to scarlet
HEIGHT: 10-12 m · SPREAD: 6-8 m
Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens
LARGE YELLOW LADY'S SLIPPER
- AKA Cypripedium calceolus var. pubescens
- Flowers have showy maroon to dark green petals and a deep yellow, pouch-like lip
- Each plant generally produces only one flower, rarely two
HEIGHT: 30-40 cm · SPREAD: 30-35 cm
Cypripedium reginae
SHOWY LADY'S SLIPPER
- AKA Cypripedium album, Cypripedium spectabile
- Flowers are showy, white petals with a rose-pink, pouch-like lip
- Upright foliage of soft, folded, ovate to fan-shaped leaves
HEIGHT: 50-75 cm · SPREAD: 20-30 cm
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Dalea candida
WHITE PRAIRIE CLOVER
- White flowers on clover foliage
- Boomtime: June-September
HEIGHT: 50-70 cm
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Dalea purpurea
PURPLE PRAIRIE CLOVER
- Purple cone-like flowers.
- Attractive seed heads after bloom.
HEIGHT: 50-60 cm · SPREAD: 40-60 cm
Danthonia spicata
POVERTY OAT GRASS
- Clump-forming cool season grass
- Smooth leaves blades are medium green or bluish green
- Older spikes brown and curl inward
HEIGHT: 30-40 cm · SPREAD: 30-40 cm
Dennstaedtia punctilobula
HAY SCENTED FERN
- Delicate green fronds, 30-45 cm long
- Smells like freshly mown grass when crushed
- Turns a yellow-orange in the fall
HEIGHT: 45-65 cm · SPREAD: 60-90 cm
Deschampsia cespitosa
TUFTED HAIR GRASS
- Dense mounding semi-evergreen clump of green blades turning light brown in the fall
- Flowers feature green, purple, silver, and gold tones
- Bloom Time: Early to late summer
HEIGHT: 60-100 cm · SPREAD: 60-80 cm
Deschampsia cespitosa Scotland ('Schottland')
SCOTTISH TUFTED HAIR GRASS
- Dense mounding semi-evergreen clump of green blades, turning light brown in the fall
- Loose flower panicles feature yellow and gold tones
- Bloom Time: Early to late summer
HEIGHT: 60-100 cm · SPREAD: 60-75 cm
Desmodium canadense
SHOWY TICK TREFOIL
- Spikes of pink to lavender sweet-pea-like flower clusters
- Velvety hairs cover the stems and the tri-lobed compound leaves
- This drought-tolerant plant can be grown on rooftops with as little as 15 cm of growing medium
HEIGHT: 100-150 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Dicentra canadensis
SQUIRREL CORN
- AKA Bicuculla canadensis, Corydalis canadensis, Diclytra canadensis
- Greenish-white heart-shaped flowers appear on arching stems above the foliage
- Some flowers may have a mauve tinge
HEIGHT: 25-30 cm · SPREAD: 25-30 cm
Dicentra cucullaria
DUTCHMAN'S BREECHES
- Flower stalks bear a row of nodding double spurred white flowers with yellow tips
- Flowers rise above the foliage
- Compact clump forming deeply divided blue-gray leaves up to 25 cm long
HEIGHT: 20-30 cm · SPREAD: 25-40 cm
Diervilla lonicera
BUSH HONEYSUCKLE
- Small fragrant yellow flowers
- Medium green leaves with bronze overtones turn burgundy in the fall
- Mounding, spreading habit re-roots to provide an effective ground cover
HEIGHT: 80-100 cm · SPREAD: 100-125 cm
Diervilla rivularis Summer Stars™ ('Morton')
SUMMER STARS™ HONEYSUCKLE
- Fragrant small yellow flowers
- Medium green leaves with bronze overtones turn yellow-red in the fall
- Mounding, spreading habit re-roots to provide an effective ground cover
HEIGHT: 80-100 cm · SPREAD: 100-125 cm
Digitalis grandiflora
YELLOW FOXGLOVE
- AKA Digitalis ambigua
- Well-spaced pale yellow bell-shaped flowers with brown freckles
- Fine-toothed oval glossy leaves are usually hairless with deep veining
HEIGHT: 50-90 cm · SPREAD: 45-60 cm
Dodecatheon meadia
SHOOTING STAR
- Flowers range in shades of pink and white
- Each flower has five upward-facing petals with a cluster of yellow stamens at the base
- Flowers give the appearance of a plummeting shooting star
HEIGHT: 25-30 cm · SPREAD: 20-25 cm
Dodecatheon meadia 'Aphrodite' (PP14002, CPBR3199)
PINK SHOOTING STAR
- AKA Dodecatheon jeffreyii' Aphrodite'
- Each flower has five upward-facing petals with a cluster of yellow stamens at the base
- Flowers give the appearance of a plummeting shooting star
HEIGHT: 25-45 cm · SPREAD: 20-30 cm
Dryopteris affinis The King ('Cristata')
GOLDEN SHIELD FERN
- AKA Dryopteris borreri 'Cristata', Dryopteris pseudomas 'Cristata'
- Narrow dark green fronds with crested tips
- Upright arching habit
HEIGHT: 75-100 cm · SPREAD: 75-90 cm
Dryopteris affinis 'Pinderi'
PINDER'S GOLDEN SCALE FERN
- AKA Dryopteris borreri 'Pinderi', Dryopteris pseudomas 'Pinderi'
- New fronds have golden-russet-coloured scales
- Narrow lance-shaped dark green fronds
HEIGHT: 60-90 cm · SPREAD: 60-90 cm
Dryopteris affinis 'Polydactyla Dadds'
SCALY MALE FERN
- AKA Dryopteris borreri 'Polydactyla Dadds', Dryopteris pseudomas 'Polydactyla Dadds'
- Narrow dark green fronds with multi-forked tips
- Upright arching habit
HEIGHT: 100-120 cm · SPREAD: 90-100 cm
Dryopteris clintoniana
CLINTON'S WOOD FERN
- AKA Dryopteris cristata var. clintoniana
- Broad triangular fronds of deep green
- Fertile fronds are taller and more upright than the sterile fronds
HEIGHT: 75-100 cm · SPREAD: 75-90 cm
Dryopteris erythrosora
AUTUMN FERN
- Fiddleheads emerge in colours ranging from pink to red to bronze
- New fronds open copper to red-orange
- Glossy deep green fronds throughout the summer
HEIGHT: 30-60 cm · SPREAD: 45-60 cm
Dryopteris erythrosora 'Brilliance'
BRILLIANCE AUTUMN FERN
- Fiddleheads emerge in colours ranging from copper to red to bronze
- New fronds open copper to red-orange
- Glossy deep green fronds throughout the summer
HEIGHT: 30-60 cm · SPREAD: 45-60 cm
Dryopteris filix-mas
MALE FERN
- Lance-shaped mid-green fronds
- Crown is made of large rhizomes that are covered in fuzzy brown hair
- Upright-clumping habit
HEIGHT: 75-90 cm · SPREAD: 75-90 cm
Dryopteris filix-mas Crispa ('Crispatissima')
CRISPA MALE FERN
- Lance-shaped mid-green fronds with tight crested tips
- Crown consists of large rhizomes covered in fuzzy brown 'hair'
- Upright-clumping habit
HEIGHT: 50-65 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Dryopteris filix-mas 'Linearis Polydactyla'
LINEAR MALE FERN
- Mid-green arching fronds have forked leaflets
- Crown consists of large rhizomes covered in fuzzy brown 'hair'
- Upright, delicate and airy habit
HEIGHT: 80-100 cm · SPREAD: 60-75 cm
Dryopteris goldiana
GOLDIE'S FERN
- Light green fronds are produced in groups along the rhizomes
- Upright habit and long, wiry stems
- Spreads slowly by shallow underground rhizomes
HEIGHT: 100-120 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Dryopteris marginalis
MARGINAL SHIELD FERN
- Fiddleheads emerge with a thick brown "fur"
- Leathery deep green fronds
- Crown consists of large rhizomes covered in fuzzy brown 'hair'
HEIGHT: 45-60 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Dryopteris spinulosa
TOOTHED WOOD FERN
- AKA Dryopteris carthusiana
- Narrow lance-shaped pale green fronds with finely-cut leaflets
- Upright-clumping habit
HEIGHT: 60-90 cm · SPREAD: 30-45 cm
Dryopteris tokyoensis
TOKYO WOOD FERN
- Glossy mid-green fronds with shallow lobed leaflets
- Upright-clumping habit
- Spreads slowly by shallow underground rhizomes
HEIGHT: 50-75 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Dryopteris wallichiana
WALLICH'S WOOD FERN
- Thick leathery dark green lance-shaped fronds
- Young fronds are yellowish-green
- Contrasting central stem is dark reddish-brown
HEIGHT: 90-120 cm · SPREAD: 60-75 cm
Echinacea angustifolia
NARROW-LEAF CONEFLOWER
- Showy perennial for dry upland sites
- Light purple petals dropping down around a brownish-orange eye
- Long narrow green basal leaves are hairy to the touch
HEIGHT: 50-60 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Echinacea pallida
PALE PURPLE CONEFLOWER
- Narrow, pale purple-pink petals droop from a spiny dark cone
- Flowers up to 10 cm
- Lance-shaped hairy basal leaves
HEIGHT: 75-90 cm · SPREAD: 40-50 cm
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Echinacea paradoxa
YELLOW CONEFLOWER
- Rare flower found only in Arkansas and Missouri but will grow well in Ontario
- Brown seed pods atop bright yellow petals
- Yellow Flowers
HEIGHT: 60-90 cm · SPREAD: 30-40 cm
Echinacea purpurea
PURPLE CONEFLOWER
- AKA Rudbeckia purpurea
- Drooping petals of purple-pink flowers with a spiky orange central cone
- Lance-shaped and coarse-toothed leaves on sturdy stems
HEIGHT: 90-120 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Elaeagnus commutata
SILVERBERRY
- AKA Elaeagnus argentea
- Inconspicuous fragrant yellow flowers
- Silvery fruits in late summer
HEIGHT: 150-175 cm · SPREAD: 175-200 cm
Eleocharis obtusa
BLUNT SPIKERUSH
- A clumping rush with slender dark green cylindrical stems
- Each stem is topped with a small dark brown oblong flower spike
- Small narrow leaves are sometimes present near the base of the plant
HEIGHT: 20-40 cm · SPREAD: 20-25 cm
Eleocharis palustris
COMMON SPIKERUSH
- Narrow dark green round stems spread by rhizomatous roots
- A dark reddish-purple sheath surrounds the base of the stems
- Each stem features a small dark brown oblong flower spike
HEIGHT: 25-100 cm · SPREAD: 50-150 cm
Elodea canadensis
CANADA PONDWEED
- AKA Anacharis canadensis, Philotria canadensis, Philotria linearis
- Numerous, overlapping, dark green, fine-toothed leaves which curl slightly downward
- Inconspicuous, white to pale pink flowers appear on the surface
HEIGHT: 20-30 cm · SPREAD: 20-30 cm
Elymus arenarius 'Blue Dune'
BLUE DUNE LYME GRASS
- AKA Leymus arenarius 'Blue Dune'
- Forms a slightly arching upright clump
- Coarse silver-blue leaves are 1 cm wide at the base and grow to a narrow point.
HEIGHT: 60-80 cm · SPREAD: 60-80 cm
Elymus canadensis
CANADA WILD RYE
- Grass has a slightly arching upright habit and forms a loose clump
- Leaf blades can range in colour from green to bluish-green, depending on growing conditions
- Nodding seed heads emerge green, changing to a light tan in the summer
HEIGHT: 125-150 cm · SPREAD: 60-90 cm
Elymus glaucus
BLUE WILD RYE GRASS
- Forms a slightly arching upright clump.
- Coarse blue-green leaves are 1 cm wide at the base and grow to a narrow point
- Flower spikes emerge green, changing to a light tan
HEIGHT: 100-150 cm · SPREAD: 40-50 cm
Elymus virginicus
VIRGINIA WILD RYE
- Grass has a slightly arching upright habit and forms a loose clump
- Coarse leaf blades are grayish-green
- Flower spikes emerge green, change to brown and are a bit thicker than E. canadensis
HEIGHT: 100-150 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Epilobium angustifolium
FIREWEED
- AKA Chamerion angustifolium
- Tall branchless flower stems with purple flowers
- Blooms from June to September
HEIGHT: 60-150 cm · SPREAD: 60-90 cm
Equisetum fluviatile
RIVER HORSETAIL
- Forms dense colonies in shallow water or ponds
- Tall erect dark green smooth stems sport fine ridges
- At each joint, the stem has a whorl of tiny black-tipped scale leaves
HEIGHT: 60-75 cm · SPREAD: 60-70 cm
Equisetum hyemale
SCOURING RUSH
- Rigid hollow bamboo-like stems
- Dark green with black banding at joints
- Produces small brown cone-like stem tips in the summer
HEIGHT: 60-100 cm · SPREAD: 100-200 cm
Eragrostis elliottii
BLUE LOVE GRASS
- Grass has a mounding, upright habit and forms a dense clump
- Narrow fine-textured leaf blades are powder-blue above, green beneath
- Hazy puffs of bluish flowers change to a tan colour in the fall
HEIGHT: 60-90 cm · SPREAD: 40-60 cm
Eragrostis spectabilis
PURPLE LOVE GRASS
- This grass has a mounding habit and forms a disorganized clump
- Leaf blades are light green with a hint of red
- Foliage turns bronze-red in the fall
HEIGHT: 25-60 cm · SPREAD: 40-50 cm
Eragrostis trichodes
SAND LOVE GRASS
- Grass has an upright cascading habit and forms a disorganized clump
- Leaf blades are light green to gray, changing to reddish in the fall
- Hazy puffs of reddish-pink airy seed heads rise above foliage on stiff stems
HEIGHT: 80-120 cm · SPREAD: 60-80 cm
Eryngium yuccifolium
RATTLESNAKE MASTER
- Creamy-green spherical flowers
- Strap-like blue-green basal leaves with bristled edges
- Semi-evergreen foliage
HEIGHT: 90-150 cm · SPREAD: 60-75 cm
Erythronium americanum
TROUT LILY
- Nodding yellow bell-shaped flowers
- Flowers may have yellow, purple or brown anthers
- Plants having two emerging basal leaves will likely produce a flower
HEIGHT: 10-15 cm · SPREAD: 10-15 cm
Eupatorium dubium 'Baby Joe' (PP20320, CPBR4612)
DWARF JOE PYE WEED
- A compact, bushy, upright mound
- Dome-shaped heads of showy magenta-pink flowers
- Coarse dark green leaves on rigid stems
HEIGHT: 70-75 cm · SPREAD: 75-90 cm
Eupatorium dubium 'Little Joe' (PP16122, COPF)
JOE PYE WEED
- A compact cultivar
- Dome-shaped heads of showy rose-purple flowers
- Coarse dark green leaves on rigid stems
HEIGHT: 90-120 cm · SPREAD: 60-90 cm
Eupatorium fistulosum
HOLLOW JOE PYE WEED
- AKA Eupatoriadelphus fistulosus, Eutrochium fistulosum
- Large rounded-topped clusters of pink or purplish-mauve flowers
- Lance-shaped sharp-toothed dark green leaves on wine-coloured stems
HEIGHT: 150-200 cm · SPREAD: 60-75 cm
Eupatorium fortunei 'Pink Frost'
VARIEGATED JOE PYE WEED
- Small clusters of deep pink flowers
- Toothed dark green leaves are boldly edged in creamy-yellow
- Attracts butterflies
HEIGHT: 75-90 cm · SPREAD: 60-70 cm
Eupatorium maculatum
JOE PYE WEED
- AKA Eupatoriadelphus maculatus, Eupatorium purpureum ssp. maculatum
- Round-topped heads of purple-pink flowers
- Sharp-toothed coarse dark green leaves on rigid spotted purple stems
HEIGHT: 150-175 cm · SPREAD: 60-120 cm
Eupatorium maculatum 'Atropurpureum'
JOE PYE WEED
- AKA Eupatoriadelphus maculatus, Eupatorium purpureum ssp. maculatum
- Round-topped heads of deep purple-pink flowers
- Sharp-toothed coarse dark green leaves on rigid spotted purple stems
HEIGHT: 150-200 cm · SPREAD: 90-120 cm
Eupatorium maculatum 'Gateway'
JOE PYE WEED
- AKA Eutrochium purpureum subsp. maculatum 'Gateway'
- More compact selection than the species
- Bright mauve-pink flower clusters atop deep wine-red stems
HEIGHT: 120-150 cm · SPREAD: 100-125 cm
Eupatorium maculatum 'Phantom' (PP18354)
PHANTOM JOE PYE WEED
- Shorter and more compact habit
- Dome-shaped heads of showy rose-purple flowers
- Coarse dark green leaves on rigid stems
HEIGHT: 90-120 cm · SPREAD: 60-90 cm
Eupatorium perfoliatum
BONESET
- AKA Eupatorium truncatum
- White flower clusters
- Textured opposite mid-green leaves
HEIGHT: 90-125 cm · SPREAD: 60-90 cm
Eupatorium purpureum
PURPLE JOE PYE WEED
- Erect clump-forming perennial
- Coarsely serrated narrow dark green leaves
- Tiny vanilla-scented pinkish-purple flowers in a cluster
HEIGHT: 150-200 cm · SPREAD: 90-120 cm
Eupatorium rugosum
WHITE SNAKEROOT
- AKA Eupatorium ageratoides, Eupatorium urticifolium, Ageratina altissima
- White flower clusters
- Sharp-toothed ovate leaves of deep green
HEIGHT: 80-100 cm · SPREAD: 60-75 cm
Eupatorium rugosum 'Chocolate'
BONESET
- AKA Eupatorium ageratoides 'Chocolate', Eupatorium urticifolium 'Chocolate', Ageratina altissima 'Chocolate'
- Long-lasting pure white fluffy flowers in tight clusters
- Flowers appear on glossy upright purple stems
HEIGHT: 120-150 cm · SPREAD: 60-75 cm
Fagus grandifolia
AMERICAN BEECH
- Densely branched with an upright, oval-to-rounded spreading crown
- Trunks have distinctive thin smooth gray bark
- Small yellowish-green flowers
HEIGHT: 18-25 m · SPREAD: 16-20 m
Fothergilla gardenii
DWARF FOTHERGILLA
- Bottlebrush-like spikes of tiny white flowers
- Blue-green leaves turn yellow, orange, and red in the fall
- Suckers produce colonies of stems
HEIGHT: 80-100 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Fothergilla gardenii 'Blue Mist'
BLUE MIST FOTHERGILLA
- Bottlebrush-like spikes of tiny white fragrant flowers
- Flowers appear just before the leaves and persist for several weeks
- Leathery blue-green leaves turn yellow, orange, and red in the fall
HEIGHT: 80-100 cm · SPREAD: 80-100 cm
Fragaria vesca
WOODLAND STRAWBERRY
- Habitats include fields, woodland borders, streambanks, and meadows
- White flower petals surround yellow stamens
- Flowers are followed by edible bright red fruit
HEIGHT: 10-15 cm · SPREAD: 30-40 cm
Fragaria virginiana
VIRGINIA STRAWBERRY
- Habitats include fields, woodland borders, streambanks, and meadows
- White flower petals surround yellow stamens
- Flowers are followed by edible fruit
HEIGHT: 15-20 cm · SPREAD: 30-40 cm
Fraxinus americana
WHITE ASH
- Pyramidal when young, maturing to a rounded crown
- Dark green pinnate leaves with white undersides emerge later in the spring
- Several (5 to 9) leaflets make up the compound leaves
HEIGHT: 21-23 m · SPREAD: 14-16 m
Fraxinus nigra
BLACK ASH
- Open crown, with ascending branches
- Winter buds are dark brown with a velvety texture
- Compound, oval to lance-shaped, green leaves
HEIGHT: 15-20 m · SPREAD: 9-10 m
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
GREEN/RED ASH
- Pyramidal when young, maturing to a rounded, irregular crown
- Dark green, pinnate, compound leaves emerge later in the spring
- Drooping clusters of winged samaras ripen in the fall
HEIGHT: 18-20 m · SPREAD: 10-15 m
Gaillardia aristata
BLANKET FLOWER
- Yellow tipped petals with dark red bases surrounding reddish brown eyes
- Lance-shaped dark green leaves
HEIGHT: 40-60 cm · SPREAD: 40-60 cm
Gaultheria procumbens
WINTERGREEN
- Small waxy soft pink to white bell-shaped flowers
- Red berries develop in early autumn and last through the winter
- Aromatic evergreen dark green foliage
HEIGHT: 10-15 cm · SPREAD: 20-30 cm
Geranium maculatum
WILD GERANIUM
- Five-petaled flowers of pale pink to lilac
- Attractive seed heads follow the flowers
- Basal leaves are dark green and deeply palmate
HEIGHT: 40-45 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Geranium maculatum 'Elizabeth Ann' (PP11252, COPF)
SPOTTED GERANIUM
- Five-petaled flowers of pale pink to lilac
- Attractive seed heads follow the flowers
- Foliage emerges dark bronze in spring
HEIGHT: 40-45 cm · SPREAD: 45-50 cm
Geum triflorum
GRANDPA'S WHISKERS
- Flowers emerge from nodding reddish-purple buds on red stems
- Reddish-purple bell-shaped flowers hang in groups of three
- Attractive silky seed heads are left after flowering
HEIGHT: 30-45 cm · SPREAD: 30-35 cm
Goodyera pubescens
DOWNY RATTLESNAKE PLAINTAIN
- AKA Epipactis pubescens, Neottia pubescens, Peramium pubescens
- Spikes of small white flowers form on slender stems
- Blue-green leaves have prominent white veins
HEIGHT: 15-20 cm · SPREAD: 20-25 cm
Hamamelis virginiana
WITCHHAZEL
- Soft yellow spidery fragrant flowers in autumn
- Textured medium to bright green leaves
- Leaves turn orange-yellow in the fall
HEIGHT: 4-5 m · SPREAD: 4-5 m
Hedera helix 'Baltica'
BALTIC IVY
- Dark green five-lobed palmate leaves with silver veining
- An evergreen ground cover or self-climber
- Red-bronze foliage in the fall
HEIGHT: 7-10 m · SPREAD: 1-3 m
Helenium autumnale
SNEEZEWEED
- Erect clump-forming habit
- Daisy-like flowers with yellow petals and brownish-yellow cones
- Lance-shaped dark green leaves
HEIGHT: 100-125 cm · SPREAD: 60-75 cm
Helianthus divaricatus
WOODLAND SUNFLOWER
- Yellow daisy-like flowers with darker yellow centres
- Pointed oval dark green leaves
- Bloom Time: Midsummer until mid-fall
HEIGHT: 90-125 cm · SPREAD: 75-90 cm
Heliopsis helianthoides
FALSE SUNFLOWER
- Single to semi-double flowers
- Yellow daisy-like flowers with a brownish-yellow centre
- Mid-green, roughly serrated, ovate leaves
HEIGHT: 90-120 cm · SPREAD: 40-60 cm
Heliopsis helianthoides var. scabra 'Burning Hearts'
SMOOTH OXEYE
- Sturdy upright habit
- Yellow daisy-like flowers with orange centres
- Flowers stand tall above contrasting purple foliage
HEIGHT: 100-125 cm · SPREAD: 45-60 cm
Heliopsis helianthoides var. scabra Summer Sun ('Sommersonne')
FALSE SUNFLOWER
- Single to semi-double daisy-like flowers with a golden-orange eye
- Mid-green roughly serrated ovate leaves
- Attracts butterflies and birds
HEIGHT: 60-80 cm · SPREAD: 45-60 cm
Helleborus foetidus
STINKING HELLEBORE
- Arching bell-shaped green to yellow flowers
- Flowers are often edged in red
- Sturdy yellowish-green deeply cut evergreen leaves
HEIGHT: 45-55 cm · SPREAD: 55-65 cm
Hepatica acutiloba
SHARP-LOBED HEPATICA
- AKA Hepatica acuta, H. nobilis var acuta
- Daisy-like flowers in shades of pink, white and lavender
- Flowers appear before or during the emergence of the new foliage
HEIGHT: 15-20 cm · SPREAD: 15-20 cm
Hepatica americana
ROUND-LOBED HEPATICA
- AKA Anemone americana, Hepatica triloba, H. nobilis var. obtusa
- Flowers vary in shades of blue, white and pink
- Flowers appear soon after snow melt
HEIGHT: 7-10 cm · SPREAD: 25-30 cm
Hibiscus moscheutos
SWAMP ROSE MALLOW
- Other common names: Wild Cotton, Mallow Rose, Crimson-eyed Rose Mallow
- Flowers can be white, pink or red with occasional bicolours
- Heart-shaped three- to five-lobed bright green leaves with hairy undersides up to 20 cm in length
HEIGHT: 130-160 cm · SPREAD: 100-150 cm
Hierochloe odorata
SWEET GRASS
- AKA Anthoxanthum nitens
- Forms a spreading upright mound of gray-green foliage
- Blades reach 60 cm high
HEIGHT: 30-60 cm · SPREAD: 50-150 cm
Hippophae rhamnoides
COMMON SEA BUCKTHORN
- Inconspicuous yellowish-white flowers appear before the leaves
- Females produce bright orange berries prized for their high vitamin C content
- Silvery-green narrow leaves on spiny stems
HEIGHT: 2-3 m · SPREAD: 2-3 m
Hippophae rhamnoides 'Hergo'
HERGO SEA BUCKTHORN
- Inconspicuous yellowish-white flowers appear before the leaves
- Clusters of tiny orange berries are prized for their high vitamin C content
- Silvery-green narrow leaves on spiny stems
HEIGHT: 5-6 m · SPREAD: 2-3 m
Hippophae rhamnoides 'Lord'
LORD SEA BUCKTHORN
- Male cultivar capable of pollinating up to seven female plants
- Inconspicuous yellowish-white flowers appear before the leaves
- Narrow silvery-green leaves on spiny stems
HEIGHT: 5-6 m · SPREAD: 2-3 m
Hippophae rhamnoides 'Pollmix'
SEA BUCKTHORN
- Male cultivar capable of pollinating up to seven female plants
- Inconspicuous yellowish-white flowers appear before the leaves
- Narrow silvery-green leaves on spiny stems
HEIGHT: 5-6 m · SPREAD: 2-3 m
Hystrix patula
BOTTLEBRUSH GRASS
- AKA Elymus hystrix
- Forms an upright loose clump of coarse green leaves
- Green bottlebrush-like flowers emerge above the foliage
HEIGHT: 90-100 cm · SPREAD: 30-60 cm
Ilex verticillata 'Red Sprite'
RED SPRITE WINTERBERRY (FEMALE)
- Inconspicuous white spring flowers
- Large bright red berries persist into the winter
- Dark green glossy leaves turn yellow in the fall
HEIGHT: 100-125 cm · SPREAD: 100-125 cm
Inula helenium
ELECAMPANE
- Other common names:, Elf Dock, Else Dock, Horse Elder, Yellow Star Wort, Allicampane, Velvet Dock
- Bright yellow flowers resemble a double daisy
- Large basal leaves, 50-80 cm, have a wavy margin
HEIGHT: 125-150 cm · SPREAD: 90-100 cm
Iris cristata
CRESTED IRIS
- Open star-shaped flowers of light lavender-blue with a yellow and white beard
- Flowers on short stalks grow even with, or slightly above the foliage
- Short bright green sword-like leaves
HEIGHT: 10-15 cm · SPREAD: 25-30 cm
Iris cristata 'Powder Blue Giant'
CRESTED IRIS
- Open star-shaped flowers of light blue with a yellow and deep blue beard
- Flowers on short stalks grow even with, or slightly above the foliage
- Short bright green sword-like leaves
HEIGHT: 15-25 cm · SPREAD: 30-40 cm
Iris louisiana 'Black Gamecock'
LOUISIANA WATER IRIS
- Strong growth habit
- Large purple-black blooms with yellow signals
- Upright slender bright green leaves
HEIGHT: 80-100 cm · SPREAD: 60-80 cm
Iris louisiana 'Bold Pretender'
LOUISIANA WATER IRIS
- Strong growth habit
- Distinctive pale pink and darker red petals
- Patterned yellow-green centre
HEIGHT: 80-100 cm · SPREAD: 60-80 cm
Iris pseudacorus
YELLOW FLAG IRIS
- AKA Iris lutea
- Bright yellow flowers
- Brown markings at the base of each yellow petal
HEIGHT: 125-150 cm · SPREAD: 70-90 cm
Iris versicolor
BLUE FLAG IRIS
- Narrow-petaled lavender-blue flowers with creamy-yellow throats
- Falls have deep purple veining with lighter blue standards
- Bright green sword-like foliage
HEIGHT: 60-90 cm · SPREAD: 60-75 cm
Iris virginica
PALE BLUE FLAG IRIS
- Narrow petalled pale blue flowers with creamy-yellow throats
- Standards are larger and longer than Iris versicolor
- Upright slender blades of bright green
HEIGHT: 60-90 cm · SPREAD: 60-80 cm
Juglans nigra
BLACK WALNUT
- Tall, oval to rounded growth habit
- Large pinnate compound leaves emerge late in spring and drop early fall
- Foliage colour is dark green in the summer, becoming yellow in early fall
HEIGHT: 18-25 m · SPREAD: 16-18 m
Juncus effusus
SOFT RUSH
- Forms an upright vase-shaped clump of single stalks
- Thin dark green cylindrical stems look stiff but are soft to the touch
- Flowers emerge in small clusters from a split in the stems, slightly below the tips of the plant
HEIGHT: 90-120 cm · SPREAD: 50-80 cm
Juncus tenuis
POVERTY RUSH
- Forms a dense clump of upright narrow stems with a basal tuft of flat grass-like leaves
- Leaves and cylindrical stems are mid-green
- Clusters of greenish-brown seed capsules are found near the terminal tips of the plant
HEIGHT: 20-60 cm · SPREAD: 20-50 cm
Juncus torreyi
TORREY'S RUSH
- Large orbicular flower heads
- It is unbranched except where the inflorescences occur
- Alternate stiff green leaves
HEIGHT: 60-80 cm
Juniperus communis depressa Blueberry Delight® ('AmiDak')
BLUEBERRY DELIGHT® JUNIPER
- Low spreader with arching branches
- Open-scaled texture on mature growth and closed on juvenile foliage
- Dark green needles with light blue bars on the upper surfaces
HEIGHT: 25-30 cm · SPREAD: 100-125 cm
Juniperus communis var. 'Depressa'
DEPRESSA JUNIPER
- Low spreading habit with upwardly ascending branch tips
- Gray-green to blue-green awl-like needles
- Foliage turns a brownish colour in the winter
HEIGHT: 80-125 cm · SPREAD: 100-150 cm
Kalimeris yomena Variegata ('Shogun')
JAPANESE ASTER
- Tiny aster-like lavender flowers with yellow centres
- Leaves emerge olive-green and are irregularly edged in gold
- Gold edge fades by midseason
HEIGHT: 35-45 cm · SPREAD: 25-30 cm
Koeleria pyramidata (cristata)
PRAIRIE JUNE GRASS
- AKA: Koeleria cristata, Koeleria macrantha
- Forms a dense mound of green to gray-green narrow leaves
- Foliage colour may vary slightly according to growing conditions
HEIGHT: 15-60 cm · SPREAD: 20-30 cm
Larix decidua
EUROPEAN LARCH
- A rapid-growing deciduous conifer that is pyramidal when young
- Soft green needles turn golden-yellow in the fall
- Use for windscreens or in solitary plantings
HEIGHT: 18-30 m · SPREAD: 6-10 m
Larix laricina
AMERICAN LARCH
- Rapid-growing deciduous conifer that is pyramidal when young
- Soft bluish-green needles turn golden-yellow in the fall
- Used for windscreens or in solitary plantings
HEIGHT: 18-30 m · SPREAD: 6-10 m
Leersia oryzoides
RICE CUT GRASS
- Forms a clump of alternately arranged dull green leaves branching from upright stems
- Leaf margins are sharply serrated with downward-facing barbs that can cause serious cuts
- Spikelets of flowers are yellowish-green and often form on one side of the upright stem
HEIGHT: 80-125 cm · SPREAD: 40-60 cm
Lespedeza capitata
ROUND-HEADED BUSH CLOVER
- Terminal clusters of white flowers
- Three-petal flowers: one large petal with a spot of purple, and two small petals below.
- Seed pods persist into the winter
HEIGHT: 100-125 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Leucanthemum vulgare
OXEYE DAISY
- AKA Chrysanthemum leucanthemum
- Single white daisy-like flower with a bright yellow cone
- Long spoon-shaped dark green leaves, 8 cm long, with serrated edges
HEIGHT: 60-75 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Liatris aspera
ROUGH BLAZING STAR
- Rounded fluffy mauve-lilac flowers
- Average flower stalks have 15-40 loosely-spaced blooms
- Blooms at the top of the spike open first, and then slowly open down the spike
HEIGHT: 30-45 cm · SPREAD: 40-45 cm
Liatris cylindracea
ONTARIO BLAZING STAR
- Tubular fluffy rose-purple flowers
- Average flower stalks have 15-25 loosely-spaced blooms
- Blooms at the top of the spike open first, and then slowly open down the spike
HEIGHT: 20-25 cm · SPREAD: 15-30 cm
Liatris ligulistylis
ROCKY MOUNTAIN BLAZING STAR
- Upright, clump forming habit
- Fluffy thistle-like deep rose-purple flower heads
- Lanceolate-oblong green leaves
HEIGHT: 50-70 cm · SPREAD: 45-50 cm
Liatris mucronata
NARROW-LEAF GAYFEATHER
- Clump-forming habit with upright spikes
- Fluffy thistle-like deep rose-purple flower heads at the ends of the spikes opening from the top down
- Narrow green leaves about 10cm long, held horizontally from the spike
HEIGHT: 80-90 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Liatris pycnostachya
PRAIRIE GAYFEATHER
- Clump-forming habit with upright spikes
- Fluffy thistle-like deep rose-purple flower heads at the ends of the spikes blooming from top down
- Narrow green leaves held horizontally on the sides of the spikes
HEIGHT: 60-140 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Liatris spicata
DENSE BLAZING STAR
- AKA Liatris callilepis
- Round fluffy violet-purple flowers
- Blooms at the top of the spike open first, and then slowly open down the spike
HEIGHT: 30-50 cm · SPREAD: 25-45 cm
Lilium canadense
CANADA LILY
- Yellow to orange-red trumpet-shaped flowers with dark spots
- 15-20 nodding flowers per mature stem
- Narrow dark green leaves on sturdy stems
HEIGHT: 125-150 cm · SPREAD: 15-20 cm
Lilium michiganense
MICHIGAN LILY
- Orange-red flowers with dark spots
- Petals that curve back toward the base of the flower
- Usually one terminal flower per stem: sometimes the stem branches at the tip
HEIGHT: 100-150 cm · SPREAD: 15-20 cm
Lilium superbum
TURK'S-CAP LILY
- Nodding orange flowers with dark spots and a greenish throat
- Petals curl back
- Each mature stem has 10-12 flowers
HEIGHT: 150-200 cm · SPREAD: 15-25 cm
Lindera benzoin
SPICEBUSH
- Yellowish-white flowers appear before the leaves
- Female plants display crimson berries contrasting with the gold fall colour
- Medium-green oval leaves
HEIGHT: 3-4 m · SPREAD: 2-3 m
Lobelia cardinalis
CARDINAL FLOWER
- Spikes of scarlet-red flowers on unbranched stems
- Tubular flowers are two-lipped
- Finely toothed narrow dark green leaves
HEIGHT: 50-70 cm · SPREAD: 45-60 cm
Lobelia siphilitica
GREAT BLUE LOBELIA
- Spikes of clear-blue flowers on unbranched stems
- Tubular flowers are two-lipped
- Finely-toothed oblong green leaves
HEIGHT: 50-60 cm · SPREAD: 45-60 cm
Lobelia speciosa 'Vulcan Red'
CARDINAL FLOWER
- Tubular fiery-red one-sided flowers on tall spikes
- Finely-toothed narrow burgundy leaves
- Attracts butterflies and hummingbirds
HEIGHT: 45-50 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Lobelia x 'Compliment Deep Red'
CARDINAL FLOWER
- AKA Lobelia 'Kompliment Tiefrot
- Spikes of true red flowers on unbranched stems
- Tubular flowers are two-lipped
HEIGHT: 45-50 cm · SPREAD: 50-55 cm
Lobelia x 'Queen Victoria'
CARDINAL FLOWER
- Spikes of true red flowers on unbranched stems
- Tubular flowers are two-lipped
- Finely-toothed narrow burgundy leaves
HEIGHT: 45-50 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Lonicera canadensis
CANADIAN FLY HONEYSUCKLE
- Small paired light yellow fragrant flowers appear with the leaves
- Pairs of red berries are hidden under the leaves in early summer
- Upright rounded
HEIGHT: 125-150 cm · SPREAD: 125-150 cm
Lupinus perennis
SUNDIAL LUPINE
- Other Common Names: Indian Beet, Old Maids Bonnets
- Compact spikes of showy flowers
- Blue-violet flowers with a white central streak
HEIGHT: 35-40 cm · SPREAD: 40-45 cm
Luzula sylvatica
GREATER WOOD RUSH
- AKA: Luzula maxima
- Leaves are glossy green and 2 cm wide with long white hairs on the margins
- Light green flowers rise above the foliage
HEIGHT: 40-60 cm · SPREAD: 30-40 cm
Lychnis coronaria 'Alba'
WHITE CAMPION
- AKA Silene coronaria 'Alba'
- Single five-petaled white flowers on woolly stems
- Prolific flowers appear in an open habit
HEIGHT: 50-60 cm · SPREAD: 45-50 cm
Lychnis coronaria 'Red'
CAMPION
- AKA Silene coronaria 'Red'
- Single five-petaled deep magenta flowers on woolly stems
- Prolific flowers appear in an open habit
HEIGHT: 50-60 cm · SPREAD: 40-45 cm
Lysimachia punctata
YELLOW LOOSESTRIFE
- Clusters of cupped yellow flowers at each leaf axil
- Leaves are whorled, grouped in fours up the stems
- Hairy pointed-oval mid-green leaves up to 6 cm long
HEIGHT: 50-75 cm · SPREAD: 60-75 cm
Macleaya microcarpa 'Kelway's Coral Plume'
PLUME POPPY
- Airy panicles of creamy-white flowers
- Flowers age to a coral colour
- Deeply lobed large lily pad-like leaves are gray-green with whitish-green hairy undersides
HEIGHT: 180-240 cm · SPREAD: 90-120 cm
Magnolia acuminata
CUCUMBERTREE MAGNOLIA
- Pyramidal when young, matures with a straight trunk and a rounded crown
- Greenish-yellow flowers bloom high in the tree
- Cylindrical bunches of seeds, (cucumbers) are green in late summer, ripening red, drying brown
HEIGHT: 20-25 m · SPREAD: 15-20 m
Mahonia repens
CREEPING OREGON GRAPE-HOLLY
- AKA Berberis aquifolium repens
- Clusters of fragrant yellow flowers
- Green berries change to dark blue in the summer and persist into winter
HEIGHT: 30-40 cm · SPREAD: 100-125 cm
Maianthemum canadense
FALSE LILY OF THE VALLEY
- AKA Unifolium canadense
- Clusters of tiny star-shaped white flowers rise above the leaves
- Small clusters of round berries
HEIGHT: 10-15 cm · SPREAD: 10-15 cm
Maianthemum stellatum
STARRY FALSE LILY OF THE VALLEY
- AKA Smilacina stellatum
- Clusters of tiny star-shaped pure white blooms
- Light floral scent
HEIGHT: 30-50 cm · SPREAD: 25-30 cm
Malva moschata 'Rosea'
PINK MUSK MALLOW
- Abundant saucer-shaped rose-pink flowers
- Flower clusters form at the leaf axil
- Alternate leaves, palmately lobed, 5-8 cm wide
HEIGHT: 75-80 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Matteuccia struthiopteris
OSTRICH FERN
- AKA Matteuccia pensylvanica
- Upright clump of big green lacy fronds
- Smells like freshly-mown hay when fronds are broken
HEIGHT: 90-130 cm · SPREAD: 60-90 cm
Meehania cordata
MEEHAN'S MINT
- Hooded two-lipped lavender flowers with a spotted throat
- Blooms appear just above or throughout the foliage
- Numerous flowers appear at once
HEIGHT: 15-20 cm · SPREAD: 30-50 cm
Mentha piperita
PEPPERMINT
- Small sterile tubular pink flowers
- Ovate lance-shaped toothed mid-green leaves on red stems
- Plants are edible raw or cooked
HEIGHT: 50-60 cm · SPREAD: 75-90 cm
Mentha spicata
SPEARMINT
- AKA Mentha viridis
- Light purple flowers in interrupted terminal spikes
- Spearmint-scented lance-shaped leaves
HEIGHT: 80-90 cm · SPREAD: 100-150 cm
Mertensia virginica
VIRGINIA BLUEBELLS
- AKA Mertensia pulmonarioides
- Nodding trumpet-shaped sapphire-blue flowers
- New buds emerge pink and change to blue as they mature
HEIGHT: 40-45 cm · SPREAD: 40-45 cm
Mimulus ringens
MONKEY FLOWER
- AKA Diplacus ringens
- Lilac-purple tubular two-lipped flowers
- Individual flowers develop from the leaf axils of the upper stems
HEIGHT: 75-85 cm · SPREAD: 40-50 cm
Monarda bradburiana
EASTERN WILD BERGAMOT
- Clump-forming perennial
- Two-lipped pale purple to whitish flowers in spring
- Each flower is nestled in showy purple-tinged bracts
HEIGHT: 40-60 cm · SPREAD: 40-60 cm
Monarda didyma
BEEBALM
- Tubular two-lipped bright scarlet-red blooms
- Coarse clump-forming perennial
- Deep green leaves have a minty fragrance when crushed
HEIGHT: 60-125 cm · SPREAD: 60-100 cm
Monarda fistulosa
WILD BERGAMOT
- Whorls of small tubular flowers are backed by leafy bracts
- Lavender-pink flowers appear on square stems just above foliage
- Matte-green toothed lance to oval-shaped leaves, 10 cm long
HEIGHT: 90-110 cm · SPREAD: 75-90 cm
Monarda punctata
SPOTTED BEE BALM
- AKA Monarda punctata ssp. villicaulis
- Pale yellow flowers with purple spots rest on narrow pink bracts
- Tiered flowers are just above foliage
HEIGHT: 40-60 cm · SPREAD: 20-30 cm
Morus rubra
RED MULBERRY
- Upright-rounded to spreading tree; sometimes multistem
- Noted for its variably-lobed leaves, reddish-brown bark and edible fruit
- Dark green heart-shaped leaves on older branches, lobed leaves on new shoots
HEIGHT: 11-15 m · SPREAD: 11-14 m
Myosotis sylvatica 'Victoria Indigo Blue'
GARDEN FORGET-ME-NOTS
- Myosotis oblongata 'Victoria Blue'
- Tiny, light blue, five-petaled flowers with a yellow centre
- Flowers rise above foliage in loose, terminal clusters
HEIGHT: 8-10 cm · SPREAD: 25-30 cm
Myosotis sylvatica 'Victoria Rose'
GARDEN FORGET-ME-NOTS
- Myosotis oblongata 'Victoria Pink'
- Tiny pink five-petaled flowers with a yellow centre
- Flowers rise above foliage in loose, terminal clusters
HEIGHT: 8-10 cm · SPREAD: 25-30 cm
Myrica gale
SWEET GALE
- AKA Myrica palustris
- Upright, oval habit
- Waxy yellow catkins appear before the leaves
HEIGHT: 100-125 cm · SPREAD: 80-100 cm
Nuphar lutea
YELLOW POND LILY
- AKA Nuphar luteum
- Hardy aquatic perennial
- Naturally found in shallow ponds and along stream borders
HEIGHT: 100-200 cm · SPREAD: 100-200 cm
Nymphaea odorata
WHITE WATERLILY
- Large fragrant white flowers with central yellow stamens
- Flowers are composed of numerous white petals and yellow stamens
- Fragrant flowers open at dawn and close by noon each day
HEIGHT: 10-15 cm · SPREAD: 90-200 cm
Nyssa sylvatica
BLACK-GUM
- Upright, oval to rounded crown
- Small non-showy greenish-white flowers
- Mainly dioecious: trees are male or female and sometimes both
HEIGHT: 10-15 m · SPREAD: 9-10 m
Oenanthe javanica 'Flamingo'
JAVA WATERDROPWORT
- Related to the parsley family
- Tiny creamy-white umbels
- Grown for its colourful foliage
HEIGHT: 25-40 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Oenothera biennis
EVENING PRIMROSE
- Fragrant yellow saucer-shaped flowers appear on tall stalks
- Blooms open at dusk and close by noon of the following day
- Lance-shaped, slightly serrated, mid-green leaves
HEIGHT: 100-150 cm · SPREAD: 30-45 cm
Oenothera fruticosa Fireworks ('Fyrverkeri')
SUNDROPS
- AKA Oenothera tetragona 'Fireworks'
- Canary-yellow saucer-shaped flowers
- Individual flowers open for only one day
HEIGHT: 40-50 cm · SPREAD: 40-50 cm
Oenothera fruticosa ssp. glauca
SUNDROPS
- AKA Oenothera tetragona
- Canary-yellow saucer-shaped flowers
- Individual flowers open for only one day
HEIGHT: 45-60 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Opuntia humifusa
PRICKLY PEAR
- AKA Opuntia compressa, Opuntia rafinesquei
- Waxy yellow flowers grow singularly or in small clusters along the top edge of the cactus pad
- Blooms last one day
HEIGHT: 20-30 cm · SPREAD: 75-90 cm
Osmunda cinnamomea
CINNAMON FERN
- AKA Osmundastrum cinnamomeum
- Erect mid-green lanceolate fronds
- Narrow cinnamon-coloured fertile fronds appear in the spring
HEIGHT: 70-125 cm · SPREAD: 60-75 cm
Osmunda regalis
ROYAL FERN
- Unique widely spaced oblong leaflets with a distinct central vein
- Pale green leaves in sunlight
- Deeper green in shade with reddish stems
HEIGHT: 90-150 cm · SPREAD: 60-90 cm
Ostrya virginiana
IRONWOOD
- Upright, rounded to oval crown
- Reddish-brown male flowers and greenish female flowers precede the leaves
- Dark green birch-like leaves increase in size toward the end of a twig
HEIGHT: 10-12 m · SPREAD: 7-8 m
Pachysandra procumbens
ALLEGHENY SPURGE
- Greenish-white fragrant flower spikes
- Flowers bloom before the new foliage emerges
- Blooms appear on pinkish-red flower stems
HEIGHT: 15-20 cm · SPREAD: 40-50 cm
Panicum amarum 'Dewey Blue'
DEWEY BLUE BITTER SWITCH GRASS
- Upright-arching or fountain-like growth
- Attractive powder-blue foliage
- Blue-tinged flowers produce tan seed heads
HEIGHT: 100-125 cm · SPREAD: 80-100 cm
Panicum virgatum
SWITCH GRASS
- Forms an upright, dense clump of medium-green foliage
- Flat leaf blades are 30 cm long, branching from upright stems
- Airy panicles rising above the foliage are reddish-pink changing to tan in the fall
HEIGHT: 120-200 cm · SPREAD: 75-100 cm
Panicum virgatum 'Apache Rose' (PP29142, CPBR5651)
APACHE ROSE SWITCH GRASS
- Proven Winners® ColorChoice®
- Dense upright columnar habit with grey-green foliage
- Tips become flushed with a hint of rosy-red in the fall and rose-coloured panicles appear
HEIGHT: 100-125 cm · SPREAD: 70-80 cm
Panicum virgatum 'Blood Brothers'
BLOOD BROTHERS SWITCH GRASS
- A Canadian introduction
- Forms a tight upright clump of blue-green foliage
- Airy burgundy-red cloud-like panicles, 30 cm long, rise above the foliage
HEIGHT: 80-150 cm · SPREAD: 50-70 cm
Panicum virgatum 'Cape Breeze' (PP24895)
CAPE BREEZE DWARF SWITCHGRASS
- A North Creek Nurseries introduction
- Upright compact habit
- Forms a tight upright clump of green foliage that remains green into fall
HEIGHT: 60-90 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Panicum virgatum 'Cheyenne Sky' (PP23209)
CHEYENNE SKY SWITCH GRASS
- Proven Winners® ColorChoice®
- Forms a tight upright clump of blue-green foliage
- Airy burgundy-red cloud-like panicles, 30 cm long, rise above the foliage
HEIGHT: 60-100 cm · SPREAD: 50-70 cm
Panicum virgatum 'Cloud Nine'
CLOUD NINE SWITCH GRASS
- Forms a tight upright clump of gray-green foliage becoming vase-shaped with age
- Flat leaf blades are 30 cm long, branching from upright stems
- Grass is topped with golden airy cloud-like panicles
HEIGHT: 150-200 cm · SPREAD: 80-100 cm
Panicum virgatum 'Dallas Blues' (PP11202)
DALLAS BLUES SWITCH GRASS
- Forms a dense upright clump of steel-blue to green foliage
- This cultivar has a wider leaf blade, (2-4 cm wide) that arches from upright stems
- Purple-pink panicles about 50 cm long above the leaves
HEIGHT: 150-175 cm · SPREAD: 70-100 cm
Panicum virgatum 'Hanse Herms'
HANSE HERMS SWITCH GRASS
- AKA Panicum virgatum 'Haense Herms'
- Forms a loose upright clump of arching green leaves on sturdy stems
- Airy cloud-like silvery green panicles appear above the foliage
HEIGHT: 100-125 cm · SPREAD: 80-100 cm
Panicum virgatum 'Heavy Metal'
HEAVY METAL SWITCH GRASS
- Forms a very tight upright vase-shaped clump of intense metallic-blue foliage
- Airy cloud-like pinkish panicles shimmer above the foliage
- Leaves have a good yellow fall colour
HEIGHT: 120-150 cm · SPREAD: 50-80 cm
Panicum virgatum 'Northwind'
NORTHWIND SWITCH GRASS
- Forms a tight upright clump of gray-green foliage becoming vase-shaped with age
- Flat leaf blades are 30 cm long, branching almost vertically from upright stems
- Grass is topped with slender airy cloud-like green panicles
HEIGHT: 125-150 cm · SPREAD: 70-90 cm
Panicum virgatum 'Prairie Dog' (PP32736)
PRAIRIE DOG SWITCH GRASS
- Short upright habit
- Late spring foliage emerges steely blue
- Grass is topped with cloud-like airy pink panicles
HEIGHT: 90-110 cm · SPREAD: 75-90 cm
Panicum virgatum 'Prairie Fire' (PP19367)
PRAIRIE FIRE SWITCH GRASS
- Forms a tight, upright clump of blue-green foliage
- Airy cloud-like pinkish panicles shimmer above the foliage
- Leaves turn a dark wine-red in early summer, starting at the tips
HEIGHT: 125-150 cm · SPREAD: 70-80 cm
Panicum virgatum 'Prairie Flame'
PRAIRIE FLAME SWITCH GRASS
- Forms a tight upright clump of blue-green foliage
- Airy cloud-like pinkish-red panicles rise above the foliage
- Leaves turn a dark wine-red and burgundy as the summer progresses
HEIGHT: 125-150 cm · SPREAD: 70-90 cm
Panicum virgatum 'Prairie Sky'
PRAIRIE SKY SWITCH GRASS
- Forms an upright clump of wide leaf blades arching from upright stems
- Foliage is a more intense blue than P. 'Heavy Metal'
- Grass is topped with dark red airy cloud-like panicles
HEIGHT: 150-175 cm · SPREAD: 75-90 cm
Panicum virgatum 'Rehbraun'
BROWN DEER SWITCH GRASS
- Forms a dense upright clump of green leaves
- Airy cloud-like brownish panicles rise above the foliage
- Leaves turn dark red-brown in late summer, starting at the tips
HEIGHT: 90-120 cm · SPREAD: 75-90 cm
Panicum virgatum 'Rotstrahlbusch'
RED RAY SWITCH GRASS
- Forms a dense upright clump of green leaves with slight hints of red
- Airy clouds of pinkish panicles shimmer above the foliage
- Leaves turn an intense dark red in late summer, starting at the tips
HEIGHT: 100-125 cm · SPREAD: 60-90 cm
Panicum virgatum Ruby Ribbons™ ('RR1') (PP17944)
RUBY RIBBONS™ SWITCH GRASS
- A cross between Panicum 'Haense Herms and 'Heavy Metal'
- Blue-green blades develop wine-red tips as they mature
- Panicles of fine pinkish-red flowers are held above the blades
HEIGHT: 125-150 cm · SPREAD: 70-90 cm
Panicum virgatum 'Shenandoah'
SHENANDOAH SWITCH GRASS
- Forms a dense clump of green leaves arching slightly from upright stems
- Airy cloud-like pinkish panicles shimmer above the foliage
- Leaves turn an intense dark red in late summer from the tips downward
HEIGHT: 100-125 cm · SPREAD: 60-90 cm
Panicum virgatum 'Squaw'
SQUAW SWITCH GRASS
- Forms a dense upright clump of arching green leaves with slight hints of red
- Grass is topped with airy silvery-pink cloud-like panicles
- Leaves turn an intense purple-red in late summer, starting at the tips
HEIGHT: 100-125 cm · SPREAD: 75-90 cm
Panicum virgatum 'Strictum'
TALL SWITCH GRASS
- Forms a dense upright clump of blue-green leaves tinted with red tips
- Grass is topped with airy red cloud-like panicles
- Foliage turns a bright yellow in the fall
HEIGHT: 150-175 cm · SPREAD: 60-80 cm
Panicum virgatum 'Totem Pole' (PP29951, CPBRAF)
TOTEM POLE SWITCH GRASS
- Proven Winners® ColorChoice®
- Forms a very upright column of steel blue foliage and powdery blue stems
- Golden seed panicles appear in early fall
HEIGHT: 170-180 cm · SPREAD: 70-80 cm
Panicum virgatum 'Warrior'
WARRIOR SWITCH GRASS
- Forms a dense upright clump of green leaves with slight hints of red
- Grass is topped with red airy cloud-like panicles
- Leaves turn a dark red in late summer, starting at the tips
HEIGHT: 120-150 cm · SPREAD: 90-110 cm
Papaver nudicaule 'Champagne Bubbles'
ICELAND POPPY
- Large bowl-shaped flowers
- Nodding hairy buds open to orange, pink, red, salmon and white with yellow stamens
- Flowers appear on wiry stems
HEIGHT: 15-25 cm · SPREAD: 20-30 cm
Papaver orientale 'Allegro'
ORIENTAL POPPY
- Bowl-shaped paper-like petaled flowers
- Scarlet-orange with near-black central markings and stamens
- Thistle-like hairy mid-green foliage
HEIGHT: 35-40 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Papaver orientale 'Beauty of Livermere'
ORIENTAL POPPY
- Large bowl-shaped paper-like petaled flowers
- Scarlet flowers with near-black central markings and stamens
- Thistle-like hairy mid-green foliage
HEIGHT: 45-50 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Papaver orientale 'Brilliant'
ORIENTAL POPPY
- Bowl-shaped paper-like petaled flowers
- Fire-red flowers with deep purple central markings and stamens
- Thistle-like hairy mid-green foliage
HEIGHT: 45-50 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Papaver orientale 'Pink Ruffles' (PP12712)
ORIENTAL POPPY
- Bowl-shaped paper-like petaled flowers
- Ruffled pink flowers with near-black central markings and stamens
- Thistle-like hairy mid-green foliage
HEIGHT: 35-40 cm · SPREAD: 45-50 cm
Papaver orientale 'Princess Victoria Louise'
ORIENTAL POPPY
- AKA Papaver orientale "Prinzessin Victoria Louise'
- Bowl-shaped paper-like petaled flowers
- Soft pink flowers with near-black central markings and stamens
HEIGHT: 45-50 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Papaver orientale 'Royal Wedding'
ORIENTAL POPPY
- Bowl-shaped papery-like petaled flowers
- Pure white flowers with near-black central markings and stamens
- Thistle-like hairy mid-green foliage
HEIGHT: 45-50 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Papaver orientale 'Turkenlouis'
ORIENTAL POPPY
- Bowl-shaped paper-like petaled flowers
- Scarlet-orange fringed flowers with near-black central markings and stamens
- Thistle-like hairy mid-green foliage
HEIGHT: 45-50 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Papaver rhoeas
FLANDERS FIELD POPPY
- Large bowl-shaped paper-like petaled flowers
- Brilliant crimson-red flowers with near-black central markings and stamens
- Thistle-like hairy mid-green foliage
HEIGHT: 45-50 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Parthenium integrifolium
WILD QUININE
- Clusters of small woolly-looking white flowers
- Blooms appear as tiny ray flowers in broad terminal corymbs
- Serrated rough fragrant dark green basal leaves
HEIGHT: 75-90 cm · SPREAD: 45-60 cm
Parthenocissus inserta
WOODBINE
- AKA Parthenocissus vitacea
- Insignificant yellowish-green flowers
- Glossy green five-lobed leaves
HEIGHT: 10-15 m · SPREAD: 15-20 m
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
VIRGINIA CREEPER
- Small clusters of insignificant greenish-white flowers in early summer
- Coarse-toothed deep green leaves with 5 leaflets
- Foliage emerges purplish in the spring, maturing to green
HEIGHT: 20-30 m · SPREAD: 15-20 m
Parthenocissus quinquefolia 'Engelmannii'
ENGELMAN'S IVY
- Small clusters of insignificant green flowers
- Glossy, coarse-toothed, deep green leaves with five leaflets
- Inedible grape-like berries form on deep red stems
HEIGHT: 10-15 m · SPREAD: 10-15 m
Parthenocissus tricuspidata 'Veitchii'
BOSTON IVY
- AKA Ampelopsis veitchii
- Insignificant tiny white flowers
- Clusters of dark blue berries can be seen after the leaves drop
HEIGHT: 15-20 m · SPREAD: 10-15 m
Peltandra virginica
GREEN ARROW ARUM
- AKA Peltandra undulata
- Tiny greenish-white flowers hidden by 20 cm spathes
- Flowers followed by green berries in late summer
HEIGHT: 50-75 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Pennisetum alopecuroides 'Moudry'
BLACK FOUNTAIN GRASS
- Forms a mounding clump of glossy wide dark green blades
- Soft bottlebrush-like blackish-purple flower spikes rise just slightly above the foliage
- Slender flower stalks can be upright or arching
HEIGHT: 60-70 cm · SPREAD: 50-75 cm
Penstemon digitalis
FOXGLOVE BEARDTONGUE
- Clusters of tubular white five-lobed flowers
- Flowers grow in pairs on thick green stems
- Blooms May to June
HEIGHT: 50-60 cm · SPREAD: 45-60 cm
Penstemon hirsutus
HAIRY BEARDTONGUE
- Tubular two-lipped lavender flowers with white throats
- Flowers grow in clusters on hairy green stems
- Narrow, toothed hairy green leaves, 5-10 cm long
HEIGHT: 50-60 cm · SPREAD: 40-50 cm
Persicaria amphibia
WATER KNOTWEED
- AKA Polygonum amphibium
- Habitat includes shallow waters along lakes, ponds, ditches
- Adaptable to short periods of drought
HEIGHT: 30-125 cm · SPREAD: 0-0 cm
Phlox divaricata
WOODLAND PHLOX
- Lilac, pink or blue flowers form loose clusters
- Clusters appear at the tips of each stem
- Lance-shaped to elliptic mid-green leaves are 5 cm long
HEIGHT: 20-30 cm · SPREAD: 30-45 cm
Phlox divaricata 'Blue Elf' (PPAF)
WOODLAND PHLOX
- Medium blue flowers form loose clusters
- Clusters appear at the tips of each stem
- Lance-shaped to elliptic mid-green leaves, 5 cm long
HEIGHT: 15-20 cm · SPREAD: 30-40 cm
Phlox divaricata 'Blue Moon'
WOODLAND PHLOX
- Fragrant violet-blue flowers form loose clusters
- Clusters appear at the tips of each stem
- Lance-shaped to elliptic mid-green leaves, 5 cm long
HEIGHT: 30-45 cm · SPREAD: 25-30 cm
Phlox divaricata 'Blue Perfume'
WOODLAND PHLOX
- Medium blue flowers form loose clusters
- Clusters appear at the tips of each stem
- Lance-shaped to elliptic mid-green leaves, 5 cm long
HEIGHT: 35-40 cm · SPREAD: 40-50 cm
Phlox divaricata 'London Grove Blue'
WOODLAND PHLOX
- Powdery-blue flowers form loose clusters
- Clusters appear at the tips of each stem
- Lance-shaped to elliptic mid-green leaves 5 cm long
HEIGHT: 40-45 cm · SPREAD: 40-50 cm
Phlox divaricata 'May Breeze'
WOODLAND PHLOX
- Very pale fragrant blue flowers form loose clusters
- Clusters appear at the tips of each stem
- Lance-shaped to elliptic mid-green leaves, 5 cm long
HEIGHT: 30-35 cm · SPREAD: 30-40 cm
Phlox divaricata 'Parksville Beach'
WOODLAND PHLOX
- Magenta flowers form loose clusters
- Clusters appear at the tips of each stem
- Lance-shaped to elliptic mid-green leaves 5 cm long
HEIGHT: 15-20 cm · SPREAD: 35-40 cm
Phlox divaricata 'Plum Perfect'
WOODLAND PHLOX
- Purple flowers with dark purple eyes form loose clusters
- Clusters appear at the tips of each stem
- Lance-shaped to elliptic mid-green leaves, 5 cm long
HEIGHT: 20-25 cm · SPREAD: 40-50 cm
Phlox pilosa
DOWNY PHLOX
- The flowers may be white, pink, or lavender
- Individual flowers are loosely arranged in terminal clusters
- Narrow hairy lance-shaped mid-green leaves
HEIGHT: 40-50 cm · SPREAD: 30-40 cm
Phlox stolonifera 'Sherwood Purple'
CREEPING WOODLAND PHLOX
- Low-growing species with a trailing habit
- Very fragrant purple flowers form loose clusters above the foliage
- Semi-evergreen foliage with oblong to oval green leaves
HEIGHT: 8-12 cm · SPREAD: 45-55 cm
Physocarpus opulifolius
COMMON NINEBARK
- Flat-topped cluster of white flowers
- Flowers give way to reddish fruit in the fall
- Green, three-lobed, textured leaves turn yellow in the fall
HEIGHT: 175-200 cm · SPREAD: 175-200 cm
Physocarpus opulifolius 'Nanus'
DWARF NINEBARK
- Flat-topped clusters of white flowers
- Fruit reddish in the fall, turning to brown with maturity
- Dense shrub with smaller leaves than the species
HEIGHT: 100-125 cm · SPREAD: 100-125 cm
Physostegia virginiana
OBEDIENT PLANT
- Upright, clumping habit
- Dense spikes of pink to pale lilac, occasionally white, snapdragon-like flowers
- Each flower is surrounded by a small leaf-like bract
HEIGHT: 100-125 cm · SPREAD: 60-80 cm
Physostegia virginiana 'Vivid'
OBEDIENT PLANT
- Upright, clumping habit
- Dense spikes of deep pink tubular snapdragon-like flowers
- Narrow lance-shaped serrated green leaves
HEIGHT: 60-65 cm · SPREAD: 60-75 cm
Pinus banksiana
JACK PINE
- A scrubby pine with an open irregular shape
- Green needles in bundles of two
- Light brown cones will remain on the tree for several years
HEIGHT: 10-15 m · SPREAD: 6-9 m
Pinus resinosa
RED PINE
- Conical in form with an oval to rounded crown
- Glossy dark green needles grow 10 to 15 cm long
- Horizontal to ascending branching
HEIGHT: 30-35 m · SPREAD: 6-7 m
Pinus resinosa 'Nana'
DWARF RED PINE
- Upright evergreen with small cones
- Soft-needled dark green foliage year round
- Offers winter interest with texture and diminished size
HEIGHT: 90-150 cm · SPREAD: 90-125 cm
Pinus strobus
EASTERN WHITE PINE
- Fast-growing broadly pyramidal evergreen
- Open branching with a smooth bark
- Long soft light green to blue-green needles
HEIGHT: 20-24 m · SPREAD: 7-10 m
Pinus sylvestris
SCOTS PINE
- Fast-growing broadly conical medium-sized conifer
- Develops an open to rounded irregular crown as it matures
- Exfoliating or flaking orange to red-brown bark, with blue-green needles
HEIGHT: 15-18 m · SPREAD: 10-12 m
Podophyllum peltatum
MAYAPPLE
- Palmately-lobed mid-green leaves up to 25 cm wide
- Generally only one leaf per stem, sometimes two
- Flowers have six to nine white petals with yellow stamens
HEIGHT: 30-45 cm · SPREAD: 40-50 cm
Polemonium caeruleum
JACOB'S LADDER
- Upright clump-forming habit
- Cup-shaped flowers droop in loose clusters
- Blue flowers have contrasting yellow stamens
HEIGHT: 45-50 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Polemonium caeruleum 'Album'
WHITE JACOB'S LADDER
- AKA Polemonium caeruleum subsp. caeruleum f. albiflorum
- Upright, clump forming habit
- Cup-shaped flowers droop in loose clusters
HEIGHT: 45-50 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Polygonatum humile
DWARF SOLOMON'S SEAL
- Compact upright stems with an arching habit
- Green ovate leaves are arranged alternately along the stems
- Bell-shaped flowers dangle at each leaf axis beneath the arching stems
HEIGHT: 15-20 cm · SPREAD: 30-40 cm
Polygonatum multiflorum
SOLOMON'S SEAL
- Rhizomatous perennial with upright-arching stems
- Green ovate leaves are arranged alternately along the stems
- Bell-shaped flowers dangle at each leaf axis beneath the arching stems
HEIGHT: 80-90 cm · SPREAD: 40-50 cm
Pontederia cordata
PICKERELWEED
- Aquatic perennial with glossy green heart-shaped basal leaves
- Unbranched smooth flower stalks
- Violet-blue hyacinth-like flowers appear in closely packed terminal spikes
HEIGHT: 40-50 cm · SPREAD: 60-80 cm
Populus balsamifera
BALSAM POPLAR
- Narrow pyramidal crown with ascending branches
- Resinous buds are sticky and strongly aromatic
- Leaves are ovate: dark green on top, silver underneath
HEIGHT: 25-30 m · SPREAD: 14-16 m
Populus deltoides
EASTERN COTTONWOOD
- Upright-oval habit
- Glossy triangular green leaves turn yellow in the fall
- Dioecious: trees are either male or female, flowering before the leaves appear
HEIGHT: 20-25 m · SPREAD: 16-18 m
Populus grandidentata
BIG-TOOTHED ASPEN
- Open irregular crown with coarse spreading branches
- Leaves are ovate with a serrated edge, green on top and whitish underneath
- Drooping catkins are tan coloured at maturity
HEIGHT: 18-20 m · SPREAD: 8-10 m
Populus tremuloides
TREMBLING ASPEN
- Narrow rounded crown, with ascending branches becoming wider with maturity
- Bark colour is a beautiful silvery-white
- Nearly round glossy dark green summer leaves
HEIGHT: 10-15 m · SPREAD: 5-7 m
Prunus americana
AMERICAN PLUM
- Upright-broad spreading crown
- Clusters of white flowers
- Flowers are followed by small edible round red plums
HEIGHT: 6-8 m · SPREAD: 4-5 m
Prunus pensylvanica
PIN CHERRY, FIRE CHERRY
- Upright habit, forming colonies
- Burnished-bronze exfoliating bark
- Clusters of fragrant florets unfold with the leaves
HEIGHT: 8-10 m · SPREAD: 3-4 m
Prunus serotina
BLACK CHERRY
- Narrow, columnar to rounded crown
- Pendulous clusters of fragrant white flowers
- Flowers are followed by red pea-sized cherries, ripening to purple-black
HEIGHT: 18-24 m · SPREAD: 8-10 m
Prunus virginiana
COMMON CHOKECHERRY
- Small fragrant white or pink flowers emerge simultaneously with the leaves
- Red to blue to black fruit ripens in July, eaten by birds
- Semi-glossy green leaves occasionally turn pinkish in the fall
HEIGHT: 6-7 m · SPREAD: 5-6 m
Ptelea trifoliata
HOP TREE
- Dense rounded shrub or small tree
- Glossy dark green leaves
- Tiny white flowers
HEIGHT: 5-6 m · SPREAD: 5-6 m
Pteridium aquilinum
BRACKEN FERN
- Sturdy bright green triangular fronds
- Found in large patches in wet or dry conditions
- Single fronds emerge from spreading rhizomes
HEIGHT: 40-80 cm · SPREAD: 80-100 cm
Pycnanthemum muticum
SHORT TOOTHED MOUNTAIN MINT
- Pinkish-white disc-like flowers with attractive silver bracts
- Flowers are a good nectar source for butterflies and small insects
- Foliage has a spearmint fragrance when crushed
HEIGHT: 80-100 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Pycnanthemum virginianum
VIRGINIA MOUNTAIN MINT
- Well-branched, upright habit
- Terminal clusters of white two-lipped flowers
- Narrow toothless mid-green leaves 6 cm long
HEIGHT: 60-90 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Quercus alba
WHITE OAK
- Pyramidal when young, maturing to a wide-spreading, rounded crown
- Leaves have deep rounded lobes, emerging pinkish in the spring, maturing to dark green
- Insignificant flowers(catkins) are followed by oval acorns
HEIGHT: 18-22 m · SPREAD: 18-22 m
Quercus bicolor
SWAMP WHITE OAK
- Pyramidal when young, maturing to a broad, rounded crown
- Leaves are glossy, dark green on top and silvery-white underneath
- Insignificant flowers (catkins) are followed by oval acorns
HEIGHT: 15-18 m · SPREAD: 15-18 m
Quercus coccinea
SCARLET OAK
- Upright, open, spreading to rounded crown
- Glossy green leaves have deeply cut pointed lobes
- Insignificant flowers (catkins) are followed by oval acorns
HEIGHT: 16-20 m · SPREAD: 13-15 m
Quercus dentata 'Pinnatifida'
JAPANESE EMPEROR OAK
- Slow-growing, open, upright growing crown
- Matures to a medium-sized tree
- Young leaves are edged in a velvety pink
HEIGHT: 4-5 m · SPREAD: 3-4 m
Quercus frainetto Forest Green® ('Schmidt')
FOREST GREEN® OAK
- Upright oval crown with a strong central leader
- Leaves are deep green, very glossy, with rounded lobes
- Drought resistant and extremely adaptable
HEIGHT: 12-15 m · SPREAD: 8-9 m
Quercus imbricaria
SHINGLE OAK
- Conical at a young age, becoming broadly oval with maturity
- Narrow, oblong leaves are smooth-margined, glossy, and dark green
- Insignificant flowers (catkins) are followed by rounded acorns
HEIGHT: 12-18 m · SPREAD: 12-18 m
Quercus macrocarpa
BURR OAK
- Pyramidal when young, maturing to a broad, spreading, rounded crown
- Twigs are sometimes ridged with corky "wings"
- Dark green leaves are leathery with deep round lobes and a distinctive 'waist'
HEIGHT: 18-22 m · SPREAD: 13-18 m
Quercus macrocarpa Urban Pinnacle® ('JFS-KW3') (PP22815)
URBAN PINNACLE® OAK
- Pyramidal to oval crown, with a strong central leader
- Glossy dark green leaves with deep rounded lobes
- Insignificant flowers (catkins) are followed by small oval acorns
HEIGHT: 15-17 m · SPREAD: 7-8 m
Quercus muehlenbergii
CHINKAPIN OAK
- Open, broad, rounded crown
- Narrow, oblong, glossy green leaves with coarse marginal teeth
- Insignificant flowers (catkins) are followed by oval acorns
HEIGHT: 15-18 m · SPREAD: 12-18 m
Quercus palustris
PIN OAK
- Pyramidal, broad, spreading, oval crown
- Leaves are dark green with deep, sharply pointed lobes
- Insignificant flowers (catkins) are followed by rounded acorns
HEIGHT: 20-25 m · SPREAD: 13-18 m
Quercus palustris Green Pillar® ('Pringreen') (PP9093)
GREEN PILLAR® OAK
- Pyramidal, upright, dense crown, with nearly vertical branches
- Leaves are dark green with deep, sharply pointed lobes
- Insignificant flowers (catkins) are followed by oval acorns
HEIGHT: 14-16 m · SPREAD: 3-4 m
Quercus prinus
CHESTNUT OAK
- AKA Quercus montana
- Pyramidal when young, it will grow to fill available space
- Oval leaves are lightly toothed
HEIGHT: 20-24 m · SPREAD: 16-18 m
Quercus robur
ENGLISH OAK
- Pyramidal when young, maturing to a broad, spreading, rounded crown
- Leaves have blunt rounded lobes, are dark green on top and blue-green beneath
- Insignificant flowers (catkins) are followed by oval acorns
HEIGHT: 18-20 m · SPREAD: 13-18 m
Quercus robur Rosehill® ('Asjes') (PP6539)
ROSEHILL® OAK
- Glossy green mildew-resistant leaves
- Narrow oval to fastigiate habit
- Copper to red fall colour
HEIGHT: 12 m · SPREAD: 6 m
Quercus robur 'Fastigiata'
PYRAMIDAL ENGLISH OAK
- Pyramidal, upright, dense crown, with nearly vertical branches
- Leaves have blunt, rounded lobes, and are dark green on top, blue-green beneath
- Insignificant flowers (catkins) are followed by oval acorns
HEIGHT: 15-18 m · SPREAD: 5-6 m
Quercus robur Skymaster® ('Pyramich')
SKYMASTER® OAK
- Upright to pyramidal, with symmetrical branching
- A strong central leader
- Leaves are medium-green in the summer, turning yellow or gold in the fall
HEIGHT: 15-18 m · SPREAD: 4-7 m
Quercus rubra
RED OAK
- Rounded, broad-spreading, often irregular crown
- Dark green leaves have sharply pointed lobes
- Insignificant flowers (catkins) are followed by acorns
HEIGHT: 16-22 m · SPREAD: 15-20 m
Quercus shumardii
SHUMARD OAK
- Medium-sized tree, pyramidal when young
- Matures to a broad, rather open, rounded crown
- Glossy dark green leaves are deeply lobed
HEIGHT: 12-18 m · SPREAD: 10-12 m
Quercus velutina
BLACK OAK
- Rounded crown
- Bark is almost black on mature trunks
- Glossy leathery dark green leaves are deeply incised
HEIGHT: 15-20 m · SPREAD: 15-20 m
Quercus x alba x robur Crimson Spire™ ('Crimschmidt') (PP9103)
CRIMSON SPIRE™ OAK
- Pyramidal upright dense crown with nearly vertical branches
- Dark green leaves have deep rounded lobes
- Insignificant flowers (catkins) are followed by oval acorns
HEIGHT: 13-15 m · SPREAD: 5-6 m
Quercus x alba x robur Streetspire® ('JFS-KW1QX')
STREETSPIRE® OAK
- Pyramidal upright dense crown with nearly vertical branches
- Dark green leaves have deep rounded lobes
- Insignificant flowers (catkins) are followed by oval acorns
HEIGHT: 13-14 m · SPREAD: 4-5 m
Quercus x warei Regal Prince® ('Long') (PP12673)
REGAL PRINCE® OAK
- Pyramidal upright dense crown with nearly vertical branches
- Ovate leaves have blunt, rounded lobes, and are dark green on top, light green beneath
- Insignificant flowers (catkins) are followed by oval to elliptical acorns
HEIGHT: 16-18 m · SPREAD: 6-8 m
Quercus x warei Kindred Spirit® ('Nadler') (PP17604)
KINDRED SPIRIT® OAK
- Extremely tightly branched, upright, columnar crown
- Foliage in the summer is a dark green with silvery undersides
- Fall colour is a yellow to yellow-brown
HEIGHT: 8-9 m · SPREAD: 150-175 cm
Ratibida pinnata
GRAY-HEAD CONEFLOWER
- AKA Lepachys pinnata
- Upright thick-stemmed well-branched perennial
- Toothed bluish-green lance-shaped leaves
HEIGHT: 125-150 cm · SPREAD: 45-60 cm
Rhus aromatica
FRAGRANT SUMAC
- Yellowish male and female flowers appear before the leaves
- Clusters of reddish hairy fruit ripen late summer and may persist into the winter
- Medium green to blue-green aromatic soft leaves are sometimes glossy
HEIGHT: 125-150 cm · SPREAD: 175-200 cm
Rhus aromatica 'Gro-Low'
FRAGRANT SUMAC
- Yellowish male and female flowers
- Clusters of reddish hairy fruit ripen late summer and may persist into the winter
- Medium-green to blue-green aromatic soft leaves are sometimes glossy
HEIGHT: 80-100 cm · SPREAD: 175-200 cm
Rhus glabra
SMOOTH SUMAC
- Greenish-yellow male and female flowers
- Clusters of reddish hairy fruit ripen late summer and may persist into the winter
- Medium-green to dark green compound pinnate leaves are sometimes glossy
HEIGHT: 250-300 cm · SPREAD: 250-300 cm
Rhus typhina
STAGHORN SUMAC
- Greenish-yellow male and female flowers
- Clusters of reddish hairy fruit ripen late summer and may persist into the winter
- Medium-green to dark green compound pinnate leaves are sometimes glossy
HEIGHT: 250-300 cm · SPREAD: 250-300 cm
Rhus typhina 'Dissecta'
CUTLEAF STAGHORN SUMAC
- Greenish-yellow male and female flowers
- Clusters of reddish hairy fruit ripen late summer and may persist into the winter
- Medium green compound pinnate finely cut soft leaves are sometimes glossy
HEIGHT: 200-250 cm · SPREAD: 250-300 cm
Ribes americanum
WILD BLACK CURRANT
- Bell-shaped flowers, pale yellow to greenish white
- Small round fruit, ripening from green to red and finally black
- Slightly hairy branches and leaves but are identified without thorns
HEIGHT: 125-150 cm · SPREAD: 150-175 cm
Rosa blanda
MEADOW ROSE
- Single light pink fragrant flowers
- Smooth bright red rose hips in July persist into the winter
- Dull blue-green leaves
HEIGHT: 125-150 cm · SPREAD: 150-200 cm
Rosa carolina
PASTURE ROSE
- Single pink flowers
- Red flattened-sphere fruit persists into the winter
- Rich green leaves turn dull red in the fall
HEIGHT: 150-175 cm · SPREAD: 175-200 cm
Rosa palustris
SWAMP ROSE
- Fragrant single pink flowers
- Red fruit persists into the winter
- Medium green leaves turn dull red in the fall
HEIGHT: 150-175 cm · SPREAD: 150-175 cm
Rosa rubrifolia
REDLEAF ROSE
- AKA Rosa glauca
- Single pink flowers
- Red flattened-sphere fruit persists into the winter
HEIGHT: 125-150 cm · SPREAD: 100-125 cm
Rosa rugosa
RUGOSA ROSE
- Single pink flowers
- Red oval fruit
- Dark green leaves turn dull orange to scarlet in the fall
HEIGHT: 100-125 cm · SPREAD: 100-125 cm
Rosa rugosa 'Alba'
RUGOSA ROSE (WHITE)
- Single white flowers
- Oval red fruit
- Dark green leaves turn dull orange to scarlet in the fall
HEIGHT: 150-175 cm · SPREAD: 80-100 cm
Rosa rugosa 'Nearly Wild'
NEARLY WILD ROSE
- Single pink flowers
- Medium green leaves turn dull orange to scarlet in the fall
- Low spreading shrub
HEIGHT: 80-100 cm · SPREAD: 80-100 cm
Rosa setigera
PRAIRIE ROSE
- Deep pink single flowers fade to white
- In late summer, bright red rose hips appear
- Glossy dark green leaves turn purple-red in the fall
HEIGHT: 80-100 cm · SPREAD: 250-300 cm