Stylophorum diphyllum
CELANDINE POPPY
- Isolated populations in Ontario
- Saucer-shaped poppy-like yellow flowers
- Nodding densely hairy seed capsules appear shortly after flowering
HEIGHT: 30-45 cm · SPREAD: 25-30 cm
Symphoricarpos albus
SNOWBERRY
- Panicles of small pink flowers
- Clusters of white berries seldom persist into the winter
- Foliage is bluish-green
HEIGHT: 125-150 cm · SPREAD: 100-125 cm
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus
CORALBERRY
- Panicles of yellowish-white flowers
- Clusters of purplish-red berries persist into the winter
- Foliage is bluish-green
HEIGHT: 125-150 cm · SPREAD: 150-175 cm
Symplocarpus foetidus
SKUNK CABBAGE
- Maroon spathe opens on one side to reveal green-yellow flowers (spadix)
- Large green leaves unfold as flowers fade
- Foliage reaches its maximum size by early summer (60cm x 30cm)
HEIGHT: 40-60 cm · SPREAD: 60 cm
Syneilesis aconitifolia
UMBRELLA PLANT
- AKA Senecio aconitifolius
- Rhizomatous perennial grown for its unique foliage
- White-hairy leaves emerge in a closed umbrella-like shape
HEIGHT: 50-55 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Tanacetum vulgare 'Isla Gold'
GOLD LEAF TANSY
- Grown primarily for its bright yellow finely-cut fern-like foliage
- Foliage emits a fragrance when crushed
- Yellow flowers appear in flat-topped clusters
HEIGHT: 60-80 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Taxus canadensis
CANADIAN YEW
- Slow-growing compact dense spreading flat-topped habit
- Low maintenance spreader suitable for use as a ground cover in shade
- Narrow short-stalked dark green needles
HEIGHT: 50-60 cm · SPREAD: 80-100 cm
Thalictrum aquilegifolium
COLUMBINE MEADOW RUE
- Lacy columbine-like leaves in erect clumps
- Pink, white or purple flowers in dense clusters in early summer
- Hairless gray-green leaves form on wavy margined leaflets
HEIGHT: 55-60 cm · SPREAD: 40-50 cm
Thalictrum delavayi 'Hewitt's Double'
DOUBLE MEADOW RUE
- AKA Thalictrum dipterocarpum 'Hewitt's Double'
- Cloud-like sprays of pompom-like mauve-lilac flowers
- Lacy blue-green columbine-like foliage
HEIGHT: 100-110 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Thalictrum delavayi 'My Little Favorite'
MY LITTLE FAVORITE MEADOW RUE
- Dwarf cultivar
- Cloud-like sprays of pompom-like mauve-lilac flowers
- Lacy blue-green columbine-like foliage
HEIGHT: 60-75 cm · SPREAD: 30-45 cm
Thalictrum delavayi 'Splendide'
MEADOW RUE
- AKA Thalictrum dipterocarpum 'Splendid'
- Cloud-like sprays of lavender flowers with creamy stamens
- Lacy blue-green columbine-like foliage
HEIGHT: 125-150 cm · SPREAD: 60-80 cm
Thalictrum dioicum
EARLY MEADOW RUE
- Showy nodding bell-shaped purple pistils or yellow stamens
- Dioecious: having male and female plants
- Attractive divided light green foliage
HEIGHT: 30-60 cm · SPREAD: 30-60 cm
Thalictrum flavum 'Tukker Princess'
YELLOW MEADOW RUE
- Cloud-like sprays of lemon-yellow flowers
- Lacy blue-green columbine-like foliage
- Slightly fragrant flowers
HEIGHT: 125-150 cm · SPREAD: 70-90 cm
Thalictrum ichangense 'Evening Star'
MEADOW RUE
- Clump forming rhizomatous perennial
- Bronze and burgundy foliage is held on wiry stems
- Leaves are highlighted with contrasting silver veining
HEIGHT: 30-50 cm · SPREAD: 30-40 cm
Thalictrum kiusianum
DWARF MEADOW RUE
- Mat-forming rhizomatous perennial
- Blue-green fern-like foliage
- Cloud-like sprays of pale lavender flowers
HEIGHT: 10-15 cm · SPREAD: 25-30 cm
Thalictrum pubescens
TALL MEADOWRUE
- The pinnate leaves have three or more leaflets with rounded lobes
- White flowers are arranged in large terminal clusters
- Naturally found in meadows, open woodlands, or along a woodland edge
HEIGHT: 150-180 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Thalictrum x 'Black Stockings'
MEADOW RUE
- Clusters of lavender-purple flowers on tall jet-black stems
- Stems are darkest when grown in full sun
- Lacy columbine-like mid-green foliage
HEIGHT: 120-150 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Thelypteris palustris
MARSH FERN
- AKA Dryopteris thelypteris, Thelypteris thelypteroides
- Single pale green pinnate feathery fronds
- Non-clumping form; it spreads by long creeping rhizomes
HEIGHT: 45-70 cm · SPREAD: 100-200 cm
Thuja occidentalis
EASTERN WHITE CEDAR
- Upright pyramidal with slightly arching branches
- Light green foliage grows in flattened sprays
- Colour fades to a duller bronze-green
HEIGHT: 10-12 m · SPREAD: 3-4 m
Tiarella cordifolia
FOAM FLOWER
- Rhizomatous perennial vigorously spreads by trailing stolons
- Heart-shaped to maple-shaped leaves with 3-5 lobes, 10 cm across
- Leaves may develop reddish variegation along the veins
HEIGHT: 10-15 cm · SPREAD: 40-50 cm
Tilia americana
BASSWOOD
- Oval to rounded crown with upright growing branches
- Ovate dark green leaves turn a pale yellow in the fall
- Fragrant pale yellow flowers
HEIGHT: 20-25 m · SPREAD: 13-15 m
Tradescantia ohiensis
OHIO SPIDERWORT
- Upright tufted clump-forming perennial
- Numerous buds form in a terminal cluster
- Three petals form a triangular-shaped flower with hairy stamens
HEIGHT: 75-90 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Trillium catesbaei
BASHFUL WAKEROBIN
- White flowers turn pink with age
- Blooms face downward with narrow petals
- Green foliage on a purplish stem
HEIGHT: 25-30 cm · SPREAD: 25-30 cm
Trillium erectum
RED TRILLIUM
- Native to woodlands throughout North America
- Outward-facing deep red three-petaled flowers
- Stalkless broadly ovate mid-green leaves
HEIGHT: 15-30 cm · SPREAD: 10-15 cm
Trillium grandiflorum
WHITE TRILLIUM
- Native to woodlands throughout North America
- Showiest of all the native trillium
- Outward-facing white three-petaled flowers
HEIGHT: 20-30 cm · SPREAD: 20-30 cm
Trillium recurvatum
WOOD LILY
- Upright purple to brownish-purple flowers
- Stalkless with purple mottled dark green foliage
- Spreads by thick underground rhizomes
HEIGHT: 30-50 cm · SPREAD: 25-30 cm
Trillium sessile
WOOD LILY
- Leaves and petals and sepals come in groups of three
- Hosta-like leaves are mottled with purple, mint and white
- Flower is three erect petals of maroon, to brownish-purple to dark red
HEIGHT: 30 cm · SPREAD: 30 cm
Tsuga canadensis
EASTERN HEMLOCK
- Pyramidal growth habit when young
- Flat sprays of lacy short dark green needles
- Needles have two white bands underneath
HEIGHT: 18-21 m · SPREAD: 8-10 m
Typha angustifolia
NARROWLEAF CATTAIL
- Clumping spreading stands of narrow sword-like leaves
- Central flower stalks are equal to the height of the leaves
- Male and female flowers are held separately
HEIGHT: 175-200 cm · SPREAD: 200-500 cm
Typha latifolia
BROADLEAF CATTAIL
- Clumping spreading stands of sword-like leaves
- Central flower stalks, equal to the height of the leaves, hold male and female flowers
- Cylindrical flowers turn brown after fertilization
HEIGHT: 125-200 cm · SPREAD: 200-500 cm
Typha latifolia 'Variegata'
VARIEGATED CATTAIL
- Clumping spreading stands of sword-like leaves have creamy-white centre stripes
- Central flower stalks are equal to the height of the leaves and hold male and female flowers
- Cylindrical flowers turn brown after fertilization
HEIGHT: 120-150 cm · SPREAD: 120-150 cm
Typha laxmannii
DWARF CATTAIL / GRACEFUL CATTAIL
- Clumping, spreading stands of narrow sword-like leaves
- Central flower stalks equal to the height of the leaves
- Male and female flowers are held separately
HEIGHT: 100-150 cm · SPREAD: 200-500 cm
Uvularia grandiflora
LARGE-FLOWERED BELLWORT
- Clump forming upright native wildflower
- Long bell-shaped yellow flowers
- Flowers have six slightly twisted petals
HEIGHT: 50-60 cm · SPREAD: 30-45 cm
Vaccinium angustifolium
LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY
- Clusters of white flowers
- Small sweet dark blue fruit
- Glossy blue-green leaves turn purple in the fall
HEIGHT: 50-60 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Verbena hastata
BLUE VERVAIN
- Clump forming with a stiff upright habit
- Candelabra-like flowers on pencil-like spikes
- Blooms are purplish-blue
HEIGHT: 125-200 cm · SPREAD: 60-90 cm
Verbena stricta
HOARY VERVAIN
- Clump forming perennial
- Gray-green foliage and stems
- Blue-purple flowers are densely packed on pencil-like stems
HEIGHT: 90-125 cm · SPREAD: 60-80 cm
Vernonia noveboracensis
NEW YORK IRONWEED
- Tall coarse upright form
- Tiny deep purple composite blooms
- Stiff stems hold pointed lance-shaped leaves
HEIGHT: 125-150 cm · SPREAD: 100-125 cm
Veronicastrum virginicum
CULVER'S ROOT
- AKA Leptandra virginica, Veronica virginica
- Large upright perennial
- Tubular white or pink flowers form dense spikes atop the stems
HEIGHT: 125-175 cm · SPREAD: 60-80 cm
Veronicastrum virginicum 'Fascination'
CULVER'S ROOT
- Tall upright clumping habit
- Tubular soft lavender flowers form dense spikes atop the stems
- Lance-shaped dark green leaves with a reddish tinge
HEIGHT: 70-75 cm · SPREAD: 60-75 cm
Veronicastrum virginicum Lavender Towers ('Lavendelturm')
LAVENDER TOWERS CULVER'S ROOT
- Tall upright clumping habit
- Tubular pale purple flowers form dense spikes atop the stems
- Lance-shaped dark green leaves with a reddish tinge
HEIGHT: 150 cm · SPREAD: 100 cm
Veronicastrum virginicum 'Red Arrows'
CULVER'S ROOT
- Tall upright clumping habit
- Flower buds are deep pink to red
- Spiked buds open to lilac flowers
HEIGHT: 75-110 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Veronicastrum virginicum f. roseum 'Pink Glow'
CULVER'S ROOT
- Tall upright clumping habit
- Tubular pale pink flowers form dense spikes atop the stems
- Lance-shaped dark green leaves with a reddish tinge
HEIGHT: 70-75 cm · SPREAD: 60-75 cm
Viburnum acerifolium
MAPLELEAF VIBURNUM
- Tiny white flowers in long-stalked flat-topped cymes
- Medium green maple-like leaves turn reddish-purple to magenta in fall
- Pea-sized fruit ripen to bluish-black in late summer
HEIGHT: 150-175 cm · SPREAD: 100-125 cm
Viburnum cassinoides
WITHEROD
- Flat-topped clusters of creamy-white flowers
- Green fruit turns pink to red to blue to black in fall persisting after leaf drop
- Leaves emerge with bronze tones, maturing to a glossy dark green
HEIGHT: 125-150 cm · SPREAD: 125-150 cm
Viburnum dentatum
ARROWWOOD
- Flat-topped clusters of creamy-white flowers in spring
- Bluish-black fruit in fall attractive to birds
- Glossy dark green leaves turning yellow to reddish-purple in fall
HEIGHT: 175-200 cm · SPREAD: 175-200 cm
Viburnum lantana
WAYFARING TREE
- Flat-topped clusters of creamy-white flowers
- Fruit starts off pinkish-red maturing to bluish-black
- The fruit ripens in the fall and is highly attractive to birds
HEIGHT: 250-300 cm · SPREAD: 175-200 cm
Viburnum lentago
NANNYBERRY
- Flat-topped clusters of creamy-white flowers
- Bluish-black fruit in the fall is attractive to birds
- Glossy green leaves turn reddish-purple in the fall
HEIGHT: 5-6 m · SPREAD: 175-200 cm
Viburnum trilobum
HIGHBUSH CRANBERRY
- Flat-topped clusters of creamy-white flowers
- Red berries are attractive to birds
- Textured three-lobed green leaves turn reddish-purple in the fall
HEIGHT: 250-300 cm · SPREAD: 250-300 cm
Vitis riparia
FROST GRAPE
- Drooping panicles of small five-petaled yellowish-green flowers
- Blooms have a sweet musky fragrance
- Small green berries age to deep purple
HEIGHT: 10-15 m · SPREAD: 8-10 m
Waldsteinia fragarioides
BARREN STRAWBERRY
- AKA Geum fragarioides
- Mat-forming rhizomatous perennial
- Dark green to bronze strawberry-like leaves
HEIGHT: 5-10 cm · SPREAD: 30-40 cm
Woodsia obtusa
CLIFF FERN
- Feathery dull green mounding fronds
- Leaflets are blunt-lobed
- Leaflets have hairy undersides when young
HEIGHT: 30-50 cm · SPREAD: 25-40 cm
Woodwardia virginica
VIRGINIA CHAIN FERN
- AKA Anchistea virginica
- Deeply cut leathery green fronds
- Thick black central stem
HEIGHT: 50-70 cm · SPREAD: 60-90 cm
Zizia aurea
GOLDEN ALEXANDER
- Branching erect reddish stems
- Each tiny flower is composed of five sepals, five petals and five stamens
- These tiny flowers form a large flat-topped cluster
HEIGHT: 75-80 cm · SPREAD: 45-60 cm