Rubus allegheniensis
ALLEGHANY BLACKBERRY
- Single white flowers
- Sweet black thimble-shaped fruit
- Textured green leaves are usually made up of three leaflets
HEIGHT: 100-125 cm · SPREAD: 175-200 cm
Rubus ideaus var. strigosus
WILD RED RASPBERRY
- Single white flowers
- Red thimble-shaped fruit
- Textured green leaves, made up of three leaflets, turn yellow in the fall
HEIGHT: 175-200 cm · SPREAD: 175-200 cm
Rubus occidentalis
BLACK RASPBERRY
- Single white flowers
- Sweet black thimble-shaped fruit
- Textured green leaves, with three to five leaflets, turn yellow in the fall
HEIGHT: 100-125 cm · SPREAD: 250-300 cm
Rubus odoratus
FLOWERING RASPBERRY
- Fragrant single magenta flowers
- Small red thimble-shaped fruit
- Textured five-lobed green leaves turn yellow in the fall
HEIGHT: 150-175 cm · SPREAD: 150-175 cm
Rudbeckia fulgida Viette's Little Suzy ('Blovi') (PP8867)
VIETTE'S LITTLE SUZY BLACK-EYED SUSAN
- Compact upright clump-forming cultivar
- Daisy-like flowers with yellow petals and a dark central eye
- Oblong to lance-shaped basal leaves
HEIGHT: 35-40 cm · SPREAD: 30-40 cm
Rudbeckia fulgida 'Goldsturm'
BLACK-EYED SUSAN
- Gold-petaled flowers with a dark central eye
- Oblong to lance-shaped basal leaves, 13 cm long
- Flowers appear on leafy stems
HEIGHT: 55-60 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Rudbeckia hirta
GLORIOSA DAISY
- AKA Rudbeckia gloriosa
- Biennial or short-lived perennial
- Pale daisy-like flowers with golden petals surround a central dark cone
HEIGHT: 60-70 cm · SPREAD: 40-60 cm
Rudbeckia hirta 'Autumn Colours'
GLORIOSA DAISY
- Biennial or short-lived perennial
- Bicoloured shades of burgundy and yellow petals surrounding a dark cone
- Rough hairy mid-green lance-shaped leaves, 10 cm long
HEIGHT: 50-60 cm · SPREAD: 30-40 cm
Rudbeckia hirta 'Cherry Brandy'
GLORIOSA DAISY
- Biennial or short-lived perennial
- Large daisy-like blooms with cherry-red petals surrounding a dark chocolate eye
- Rough hairy mid-green lance-shaped leaves, 10 cm long
HEIGHT: 50-60 cm · SPREAD: 30-40 cm
Rudbeckia hirta 'Irish Eyes'
GLORIOSA DAISY
- AKA Rudbeckia hirta 'Green Eyes'
- Biennial or short-lived perennial
- Daisy-like flowerheads with yellow petals surrounding a central green eye or cone
HEIGHT: 55-60 cm · SPREAD: 40-50 cm
Rudbeckia hirta 'Prairie Sun'
GLORIOSA DAISY
- Biennial or short-lived perennial
- Daisy-like flowerheads
- Petals are tipped in yellow and surround a central green cone
HEIGHT: 55-60 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Rudbeckia hirta 'Rustic Colours'
GLORIOSA DAISY
- Biennial or short-lived perennial
- Daisy-like flowerheads
- Deep burgundy petals with yellow tips surround a dark cone
HEIGHT: 40-45 cm · SPREAD: 40-50 cm
Rudbeckia laciniata
CUTLEAF CONEFLOWER
- Tall upright rhizomatous perennial
- Daisy-like flowers on tall leafy stems
- Drooping yellow petals form around a brownish-purple cone
HEIGHT: 125-175 cm · SPREAD: 80-90 cm
Rudbeckia laciniata Autumn Sun ('Herbstonne')
CUTLEAF CONEFLOWER
- AKA Rudbeckia nitida 'Herbstonne'
- Tall upright rhizomatous perennial
- Daisy-like flowers on tall leafy stems
HEIGHT: 125-175 cm · SPREAD: 80-90 cm
Rudbeckia triloba
THREE LOBED CONEFLOWER
- Biennial or short-lived perennial
- Clumping stiff upright well-branched stems
- Loaded with yellow daisy-like flowers
HEIGHT: 80-100 cm · SPREAD: 60-70 cm
Ruellia humilis
WILD PETUNIA
- Bell-shaped petunia shaped lavender to lilac-blue flowers
- Blooming period between May-October
- Long slender olive-green leaves
HEIGHT: 50-60 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Sagittaria graminea
GRASS LEAF ARROWHEAD
- Upright, rhizomatous spreader
- Narrow long arrow-head-shaped mid-green foliage
- Grows approximately 60 cm above water level
HEIGHT: 50-60 cm · SPREAD: 20-30 cm
Sagittaria latifolia
ARROWHEAD
- Upright aquatic perennial
- Long narrow chevron-shaped mid-green leaves
- Grows approximately 60 cm above water level
HEIGHT: 30-60 cm · SPREAD: 100 cm
Salix bebbiana
BEAKED WILLOW
- Yellow-green cone-like fruit is attractive to birds
- Dull green, slightly saw-toothed or wavy, and gray or whitish underneath
- Fast-growing and capable of forming dense colonies
HEIGHT: 4-5 m · SPREAD: 9-10 m
Salix candida
SAGE-LEAVED WILLOW
- Gray felt-like leaves
- Large catkins emerge red or pink, before turning yellow
- New shoots are white and woolly at first, then to a glossy red-brown
HEIGHT: 175-200 cm · SPREAD: 100-125 cm
Salix cordata
HEARTLEAF WILLOW
- Yellow catkins are slender and smooth
- Green leaves are pale and hairy underneath, with finely serrated edges
- New shoots are white and silky
HEIGHT: 175-200 cm · SPREAD: 175-200 cm
Salix cottetii
BANKER'S WILLOW
- Produces greenish-yellow catkins
- Dark shiny leaves have paler undersides
- Dwarf willow with a low, trailing habit
HEIGHT: 150-175 cm · SPREAD: 250-300 cm
Salix discolor
PUSSY WILLOW
- Soft silky silvery catkins appear before the leaves
- Medium-green leaves have downy gray-white undersides
- Upright habit
HEIGHT: 5-6 m · SPREAD: 125-150 cm
Salix eriocephala
HEART-LEAVED WILLOW
- Of special value to native bees
- Catkins appear before leaves, providing food for early pollinators
- Long narrow green leaves with lighter undersides
HEIGHT: 3-4 m · SPREAD: 3-4 m
Salix exigua
SANDBAR WILLOW
- AKA Salix interior
- Yellowish-green catkins
- Narrow silvery-gray leaves
HEIGHT: 3-4 m · SPREAD: 5-6 m
Salix lucida
SHINING WILLOW
- Yellow catkins appear after the leaves
- Narrow dark green leaves are glossy above, and glossy light green below
- Plant is called 'shining' because of its smooth glossy leaves
HEIGHT: 5-6 m · SPREAD: 5-6 m
Salix nigra
BLACK WILLOW
- Small greenish-yellow catkins in early spring
- Long narrow glossy green leaves turn yellow in the fall
- Deeply fissured dark brown bark
HEIGHT: 18-20 m · SPREAD: 4-5 m
Salix petiolaris
SLENDER WILLOW
- AKA Salix gracilis
- Small brownish-yellow catkins
- Long dark green leaves turn yellow in the fall
HEIGHT: 2-3 m · SPREAD: 2-3 m
Salix purpurea 'Streamco'
STREAMCO PURPLE-OSIER WILLOW
- Very narrow blue-green leaves
- Attractive purple stems are very flexible
- Compact, rounded form
HEIGHT: 4-5 m · SPREAD: 3-4 m
Salix repens
CREEPING WILLOW
- Silvery catkins mature to yellow
- Narrow-oval silver-green leaves are whitish-green beneath
- Spreads by creeping, procumbent stems
HEIGHT: 60-80 cm · SPREAD: 80-100 cm
Salvia koyamae
JAPANESE YELLOW SAGE
- Mounding, somewhat trailing habit
- Spikes of two-lipped pale yellow flowers
- Large hairy arrow-shaped green leaves
HEIGHT: 40-50 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Sambucus canadensis
AMERICAN ELDERBERRY
- Pleasantly fragrant white flowers in a flat-topped cluster
- Purple-black berries in clusters, August to September, will attract birds
- Compound pinnate medium-green leaves turn yellow in the fall
HEIGHT: 250-300 cm · SPREAD: 200-250 cm
Sambucus canadensis 'Aurea'
GOLDEN ELDERBERRY
- Pleasantly fragrant white flowers in a flat-topped cluster
- Purple-black berries in clusters August to September
- Compound pinnate yellow leaves
HEIGHT: 200-250 cm · SPREAD: 200-250 cm
Sambucus canadensis 'Maxima'
ELDERBERRY
- Pleasantly fragrant white flowers in a flat-topped cluster
- Distinguished from its parent by the much larger flowers
- Purple-black berries in clusters, August to September, will attract birds
HEIGHT: 200-250 cm · SPREAD: 175-200 cm
Sambucus pubens
SCARLET ELDERBERRY
- White flowers in a mounded cluster
- Red berries in clusters, June to July, will attract birds
- Compound pinnate medium-green leaves turn yellow in the fall
HEIGHT: 250-300 cm · SPREAD: 200-250 cm
Sanguinaria canadensis
BLOODROOT
- Rhizomatous native woodland perennial
- Solitary cup-shaped white flowers with yellow stamens
- One of the first flowers to appear in spring
HEIGHT: 10-15 cm · SPREAD: 20-25 cm
Sanguinaria canadensis 'Rosea'
PINK FLOWERED BLOODROOT
- Rhizomatous woodland perennial
- Solitary pale pink flowers surround yellow stamens
- Darker pink on the back of the petals and a lighter pink when they open
HEIGHT: 15-20 cm · SPREAD: 20-30 cm
Sanguinaria f. multiplex 'Plena'
DOUBLE FLOWERING BLOODROOT
- AKA Sanguinaria canadensis 'Flore Pleno'
- Rhizomatous woodland perennial
- Solitary fully double white flowers
HEIGHT: 15-20 cm · SPREAD: 20-30 cm
Sanguisorba tenuifolia var. parviflora
JAPANESE BURNET
- Nodding bottlebrush spikes of white flowers
- Very narrow attractive leaves
HEIGHT: 100-150 cm · SPREAD: 70-90 cm
Sassafras albidum
SASSAFRAS
- Shrubby when young, maturing to a dense, pyramidal crown
- Can spread by root suckers to form colonies
- Clusters of greenish-yellow flowers; dioecious, having separate male and female trees
HEIGHT: 10-15 m · SPREAD: 9-12 m
Saururus cernuus
LIZARD'S TAIL
- Rhizomatous marginal aquatic perennial
- Naturally found in swamps or slow-moving rivers and ponds
- Heart-shaped leaves are smooth and wavy on zig-zagged stems
HEIGHT: 50-90 cm
Schizachyrium scoparium
LITTLE BLUESTEM
- AKA Andropogon scoparius
- Slightly arching clump of blue-green leaves
- Leaves are flame-coloured in the fall and remain showy throughout the winter
HEIGHT: 100-125 cm · SPREAD: 50-70 cm
Schizachyrium scoparium 'Blaze'
BLAZE LITTLE BLUESTEM
- AKA Andropogon scoparius 'Blaze'
- Foliage emerges light blue and darkens to blue-green in the summer
- Outstanding fall colours with intense shades of orange and red
HEIGHT: 90-120 cm · SPREAD: 50-70 cm
Schizachyrium scoparium 'Blue Paradise' (PP28145, CPBR5650)
BLUE PARADISE LITTLE BLUESTEM
- AKA Andropogon scoparius 'Blue Paradise'
- Maintains a sturdy upright and columnar habit through the fall
- Striking silvery blue stems in summer changing to deep wine colour in the fall
HEIGHT: 90-100 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Schizachyrium scoparium 'Prairie Blues'
LITTLE BLUESTEM
- Dense clump of gray-blue leaves
- Leaves turn to shades of orange in the fall and remain showy throughout the winter
- Silvery seed heads
HEIGHT: 80-100 cm · SPREAD: 30-40 cm
Schizachyrium scoparium 'Smoke Signal' (PP27433)
LITTLE BLUESTEM
- AKA Andropogon scoparius 'Smoke Signal'
- A refined selection of the native species
- Foliage takes on scarlet-red tones in late summer, turning deeper red-purple in fall
HEIGHT: 90-120 cm · SPREAD: 45-60 cm
Schizachyrium scoparium 'Standing Ovation' (PP25202)
STANDING OVATION LITTLE BLUESTEM
- AKA Andropogon scoparius 'Standing Ovation'
- Sturdy upright stems with a blue cast, dark purple closer to the base
- Leaves turn fiery-red in the fall and remain showy throughout the winter
HEIGHT: 90-120 cm · SPREAD: 50-70 cm
Schizachyrium scoparium 'The Blues'
LITTLE BLUESTEM
- AKA Schizachyrium scoparium 'The Blues'
- Dense clump of narrow intense blue blades
- Leaves turn to purple shades in the fall and remain showy throughout the winter
HEIGHT: 80-90 cm · SPREAD: 60-70 cm
Schizachyrium scoparium 'Twilight Zone' (PP27432)
TWILIGHT ZONE LITTLE BLUESTEM
- AKA Andropogon scoparius 'Twilight Zone'
- A standout cultivar that possess a nearly iridescent silvery mauve-purple cast over the whole plant beginning in midsummer
- Colour is retained through the fall
HEIGHT: 120-140 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Scirpus acutus
HARD STEM BULRUSH
- AKA: Schoenoplectus acutus var. occidentalis
- Scirpus are not grasses, they are perennial sedges
- Upright cylindrical gray-green stems have 3 to 4 slender sheathed leaves at the base
HEIGHT: 100-175 cm · SPREAD: 50-100 cm
Scirpus atrovirens
DARK GREEN BULRUSH
- Scirpus are not grasses, they are perennial sedges
- Forms an open upright clump of dark green leaves branching from the main stems
- Dark green culms, reaching 125 cm, develop clusters of inflorescences
HEIGHT: 90-125 cm · SPREAD: 90-125 cm
Scirpus cyperinus
WOOL GRASS
- Scirpus are not grasses, they are perennial sedges
- Forms short tufts of grass-like blades
- Flowers rise above the foliage on narrow upright stems
HEIGHT: 100-150 cm · SPREAD: 90-125 cm
Scirpus fluviatilis
RIVER BULRUSH
- AKA Bolboschoenus fluviatilis
- Scirpus are not grasses, they are perennial sedges
- Forms short tufts of grass-like blades
HEIGHT: 30-60 cm · SPREAD: 30-40 cm
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Scirpus microcarpus
SMALL-FRUITED BULRUSH
- Found across North America in wet areas such as marshes, swamps and meadows
- Grass like leaves sprout from the base and along the stem
- Leaf bases are tinged reddish purple where they clasp the stem
HEIGHT: 60-150 cm · SPREAD: 30-60 cm
Scirpus pungens
COMMON THREE SQUARE
- AKA: Schoenoplectus pungens, Scirpus americanus
- Scirpus are not grasses, they are perennial sedges
- Triangular stems bear few blades up to 25 cm long
HEIGHT: 100-175 cm · SPREAD: 75-125 cm
Scirpus validus
SOFTSTEM BULRUSH
- AKA: Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani
- Scirpus are not grasses, they are perennial sedges
- Dark green spongy stems, up to 2 cm thick, are rounded-edged and triangular in cross-section
HEIGHT: 175-250 cm · SPREAD: 100-120 cm
Scutellaria incana
HOARY SKULLCAP
- Spikes of two-lipped blue flowers with a white patch on the lower lip
- Toothed ovate medium-green leaves
- A dry-shade loving perennial
HEIGHT: 90-125 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Scutellaria ovata
HEARTLEAF SKULLCAP
- Snapdragon-like violet-blue flowers with white lower lip
- Heart-shaped green leaves with burgundy highlights
- The leaf veins are deeply indented and edges are toothed
HEIGHT: 50-60 cm · SPREAD: 30-45 cm
Sedum lanceolatum
LANCE-LEAVED STONECROP
- AKA Amerosedum lanceolatum
- Bluish-green succulent leaves form small fleshy rosettes
- Early foliage emerges purple and returns during cooler seasons
HEIGHT: 2-5 cm · SPREAD: 15-20 cm
Sedum populifolium
POPLAR-LEAVED STONECROP
- Unique and unusual bluish-green poplar-like leaves
- Open shrub-like deciduous growth habit
- White star-shaped flowers have contrasting purple-red anthers
HEIGHT: 20-30 cm · SPREAD: 45-60 cm
Sedum sarmentosa
STRINGY STONECROP
- Low trailing habit
- Yellow flower clusters appear on light green to pale purple stems
- Lance-shaped smooth light green leaves are 2.5 x 1 cm long
HEIGHT: 15-20 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Sedum ternatum
WOODLAND STONECROP
- White star-shaped flowers occur in three-branched terminal clusters
- Spreads by creeping stems, which root at the nodes
- Small (2 cm) rounded fleshy succulent-like leaves
HEIGHT: 10-12 cm · SPREAD: 40-60 cm
Sedum ternatum 'Larinem Park'
WOODLAND STONECROP
- White star-shaped flowers occur in three-branched terminal clusters
- Spreads by creeping stems which root at each node
- Small (2cm) rounded fleshy succulent leaves
HEIGHT: 10-12 cm · SPREAD: 40-60 cm
Senecio aureus
GOLDEN RAGWORT
- AKA Packera aurea
- Flat-topped clusters of yellow daisy-like flowers
- Flowers give way to fluffy white seed heads
HEIGHT: 25-30 cm · SPREAD: 30-40 cm
Shepherdia canadensis
BUFFALOBERRY
- Small yellow insignificant flowers
- Yellowish-red berries follow in the summer
- Silver-green leaves
HEIGHT: 200-250 cm · SPREAD: 200-250 cm
Silphium laciniatum
COMPASS PLANT
- Clusters of nodding eastern-facing sunflower-like yellow flowers
- Sturdy green stems are covered in white hairs
- Basal narrow leaves are very deeply lobed and up to 50 cm long
HEIGHT: 200-300 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Silphium perfoliatum
CUP PLANT
- Bright yellow daisy-like flowers
- Coarsely-toothed bristly oval green leaves are 20 cm long
- Leaves are opposite each other and join together at stem to cup water
HEIGHT: 150-250 cm · SPREAD: 75-90 cm
Smilacina racemosa
FALSE SOLOMON'S SEAL
- AKA Maianthemum racemosum
- Clump forming rhizomatous perennial
- Unbranched stems have alternate mid-green leaves
HEIGHT: 70-80 cm · SPREAD: 40-50 cm
Solidago caesia
BLUESTEM GOLDENROD
- Arching wands of golden flower clusters
- Blue-green stems and long thin green leaves
- Forms attractive open clumps
HEIGHT: 30-60 cm
Solidago canadensis
CANADIAN GOLDENROD
- Rhizomatous upright habit
- Numerous small yellow blooms
- Lance-shaped sharply-toothed green leaves
HEIGHT: 150-200 cm · SPREAD: 90-100 cm
Solidago flexicaulis
ZIGZAG GOLDENROD
- Small flowers cluster near the top of the plant
- Star-like yellow blooms
- Erect stems hold softly hairy coarsely-toothed oval leaves
HEIGHT: 30-60 cm · SPREAD: 30-100 cm
Solidago nemoralis
OLD FIELD GOLDENROD
- Erect upright perennial in the sunflower family
- Narrow downward-arching bright yellow plumes
- Grey-green leaves and stems
HEIGHT: 50-60 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Solidago ptarmicoides
UPLAND WHITE ASTER
- AKA Aster ptarmicoides
- Showy silver-white blooms surround a white to pale yellow disk
- Flowers resemble those of an aster
HEIGHT: 50-60 cm · SPREAD: 30-50 cm
Solidago rigida
STIFF GOLDENROD
- AKA Oligoneuron rigidum
- Flat-topped clusters of tiny bright yellow daisy-like flowers
- Velvety foliage is gray-green in the summer
HEIGHT: 90-125 cm · SPREAD: 60 cm
Solidago rugosa
WRINKLELEAF GOLDENROD
- Tiny bright yellow blooms arch in plume-like panicles
- Stiff narrow toothed leaves are rough-surfaced and wrinkled
- Clumping perennial
HEIGHT: 60-90 cm · SPREAD: 100 cm
Solidago rugosa 'Fireworks'
FIREWORKS GOLDENROD
- A selection of the native goldenrod
- Clump forming vase-shaped to upright habit
- Yellow plume-like panicles cascade (like fireworks)
HEIGHT: 90-100 cm · SPREAD: 60-70 cm
Solidago sphacelata 'Golden Fleece'
GOLDENROD
- Clump-forming well-branched habit
- Arching panicles of golden-yellow flowers
- Flowers cover a finely-textured foliage
HEIGHT: 40-45 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Solidago x Little Lemon ('Dansolitlem') (PP17297, COPF)
DWARF GOLDENROD
- One of the most compact forms of solidago
- Masses of tiny lemon-yellow flowers form branched spikes
- Flowers cover a finely-textured foliage
HEIGHT: 30-35 cm · SPREAD: 40-45 cm
Sorbus decora
SHOWY MOUNTAINASH
- Upright, oval to rounded crown with ascending branches
- Blue-green compound leaves in the summer turn reddish-purple in the fall
- Flat-topped clusters of small white flowers
HEIGHT: 8-10 m · SPREAD: 6-8 m
Sorghastrum nutans
INDIAN GRASS
- AKA Sorghastrum avenaceum, Chrysopogon nutans
- Reddish-bronze downy flower spikes rising well above the foliage appear in July
- The grass blades are green turning bronze to burnt orange in the fall
HEIGHT: 120-220 cm · SPREAD: 45-60 cm
Sorghastrum nutans 'Indian Steel'
INDIAN STEEL GRASS
- AKA Sorghastrum avenaceum 'Indian Steel'
- Flower stalks rise above the foliage forming a tight upright clump
- Medium-width grass blades are blue-green, turning bronze in the fall
HEIGHT: 120-150 cm · SPREAD: 45-60 cm
Sorghastrum nutans 'Sioux Blue'
SIOUX BLUE INDIAN GRASS
- AKA Sorghastrum avenaceum 'Sioux Blue'
- Flower stalks from a tight upright clump rise above the foliage
- Leaves are silvery-blue turning golden-tan with hints of orange in the fall
HEIGHT: 175-200 cm · SPREAD: 50-80 cm
Sparganium americanum
AMERICAN BUR-REED
- An emergent aquatic
- Long lance-shaped green leaves
- Unique flowers and seedheads
HEIGHT: 90-125 cm
Sparganium eurycarpum
GIANT BUR-REED
- AKA Sparganium californicum
- An emergent aquatic
- Unique flowers and seedheads
HEIGHT: 90-125 cm
Spartina pectinata
PRAIRIE CORD GRASS
- AKA Sporobolus michauxianus
- Main stems (culms) are round, up to 225 cm long
- Green leaves, alternate, up to 60 cm long, emerge from the lower half of the stems
HEIGHT: 175-225 cm · SPREAD: 100-120 cm
Spartina pectinata 'Aureomarginata'
VARIEGATED CORD GRASS
- AKA Spartina pectinata 'Variegata'
- Main stems (culms) are round, up to 250 cm
- Yellow-edged green leaves, alternate, up to 60 cm long, emerge from the lower half of the stems
HEIGHT: 150-200 cm · SPREAD: 80-100 cm
Spigelia marilandica
INDIAN PINK
- Upright clump-forming perennial
- Upward-facing scarlet tubular flowers with yellow throats
- Throats are flared open to form a five-pointed star-shaped tip
HEIGHT: 30-45 cm · SPREAD: 30-40 cm
Spigelia marilandica 'Little Redhead'
INDIAN PINK
- Upright clump-forming perennial
- Upward-facing scarlet tubular flowers with a yellow throat
- Throats are flared open to form a five-pointed star-shaped tip
HEIGHT: 60-70 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Spigelia marilandica 'Ragin Cajun'
INDIAN PINK
- Upright clump-forming perennial
- Upward-facing orange-red tubular flowers with yellow throats
- Throats are flared open to form a five-pointed star-shaped tip
HEIGHT: 50-60 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Spiraea alba
MEADOWSWEET
- Cone-shaped clusters of tiny white flowers
- Fruit dries and splits to release seed
- Narrow toothed green leaves
HEIGHT: 125-150 cm · SPREAD: 125-150 cm
Spiraea latifolia
STEEPLEBUSH
- Bottlebrush-like spikes of tiny white flowers
- Brown seed heads persist into the winter
- Leaves are bright green above, blue-green underneath
HEIGHT: 125-150 cm · SPREAD: 125-150 cm
Spiraea tomentosa
HARDHACK
- Bottlebrush-like spikes of tiny pink flowers
- Brown seed heads persist into the winter
- Leaves bright green above, blue-green underneath
HEIGHT: 100-125 cm · SPREAD: 100-125 cm
Spiranthes cernua var. odorata 'Chadd's Ford'
FRAGRANT LADY'S TRESSES
- Tiny white flowers form spiral racemes on upright stems
- Silvery-green lance-shaped basal rosettes slowly form colonies
- Naturalizes in moist soils, bogs or swamps
HEIGHT: 25-30 cm · SPREAD: 20-30 cm
Sporobolus cryptandrus
SAND DROPSEED
- Upright, rarely lying down, clumping medium-coarse grass
- Thin green leaves branch upright and horizontally from the stems
- Tan flower or seed panicles are at first narrow becoming pyramidal (wider at the base)
HEIGHT: 100-125 cm
Sporobolus heterolepis
PRAIRIE DROPSEED
- An elegant native; fine green leaves and its seed stems emerge directly from the base
- Pink flowers turn tan coloured in the fall
- Delicate seedheads stand 50 cm above the rest of the foliage
HEIGHT: 60-100 cm · SPREAD: 45-60 cm
Sporobolus heterolepis 'Tara'
DWARF PRAIRIE DROPSEED
- 'Tara' is very slow-growing, to the point that usual suppliers refuse to grow it
- Upright green blades, less arching than the species
- Attractive flower spikes rising in summer well above the foliage
HEIGHT: 30-60 cm · SPREAD: 30-40 cm
Stylophorum diphyllum
CELANDINE POPPY
- Isolated populations in Ontario
- Saucer-shaped poppy-like yellow flowers
- Nodding densely hairy seed capsules appear shortly after flowering
HEIGHT: 30-45 cm · SPREAD: 25-30 cm
Symphoricarpos albus
SNOWBERRY
- Panicles of small pink flowers
- Clusters of white berries seldom persist into the winter
- Foliage is bluish-green
HEIGHT: 125-150 cm · SPREAD: 100-125 cm
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus
CORALBERRY
- Panicles of yellowish-white flowers
- Clusters of purplish-red berries persist into the winter
- Foliage is bluish-green
HEIGHT: 125-150 cm · SPREAD: 150-175 cm
Symplocarpus foetidus
SKUNK CABBAGE
- Maroon spathe opens on one side to reveal green-yellow flowers (spadix)
- Large green leaves unfold as flowers fade
- Foliage reaches its maximum size by early summer (60cm x 30cm)
HEIGHT: 40-60 cm · SPREAD: 60 cm
Syneilesis aconitifolia
UMBRELLA PLANT
- AKA Senecio aconitifolius
- Rhizomatous perennial grown for its unique foliage
- White-hairy leaves emerge in a closed umbrella-like shape
HEIGHT: 50-55 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Tanacetum vulgare 'Isla Gold'
GOLD LEAF TANSY
- Grown primarily for its bright yellow finely-cut fern-like foliage
- Foliage emits a fragrance when crushed
- Yellow flowers appear in flat-topped clusters
HEIGHT: 60-80 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Taxus canadensis
CANADIAN YEW
- Slow-growing compact dense spreading flat-topped habit
- Low maintenance spreader suitable for use as a ground cover in shade
- Narrow short-stalked dark green needles
HEIGHT: 50-60 cm · SPREAD: 80-100 cm
Thalictrum aquilegifolium
COLUMBINE MEADOW RUE
- Lacy columbine-like leaves in erect clumps
- Pink, white or purple flowers in dense clusters in early summer
- Hairless gray-green leaves form on wavy margined leaflets
HEIGHT: 55-60 cm · SPREAD: 40-50 cm
Thalictrum delavayi 'Hewitt's Double'
DOUBLE MEADOW RUE
- AKA Thalictrum dipterocarpum 'Hewitt's Double'
- Cloud-like sprays of pompom-like mauve-lilac flowers
- Lacy blue-green columbine-like foliage
HEIGHT: 100-110 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
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Thalictrum delavayi 'My Little Favorite'
MY LITTLE FAVORITE MEADOW RUE
- Dwarf cultivar
- Cloud-like sprays of pompom-like mauve-lilac flowers
- Lacy blue-green columbine-like foliage
HEIGHT: 60-75 cm · SPREAD: 30-45 cm
Thalictrum delavayi 'Splendide'
MEADOW RUE
- AKA Thalictrum dipterocarpum 'Splendid'
- Cloud-like sprays of lavender flowers with creamy stamens
- Lacy blue-green columbine-like foliage
HEIGHT: 125-150 cm · SPREAD: 60-80 cm
Thalictrum dioicum
EARLY MEADOW RUE
- Showy nodding bell-shaped purple pistils or yellow stamens
- Dioecious: having male and female plants
- Attractive divided light green foliage
HEIGHT: 30-60 cm · SPREAD: 30-60 cm
Thalictrum flavum 'Tukker Princess'
YELLOW MEADOW RUE
- Cloud-like sprays of lemon-yellow flowers
- Lacy blue-green columbine-like foliage
- Slightly fragrant flowers
HEIGHT: 125-150 cm · SPREAD: 70-90 cm
Thalictrum ichangense 'Evening Star'
MEADOW RUE
- Clump forming rhizomatous perennial
- Bronze and burgundy foliage is held on wiry stems
- Leaves are highlighted with contrasting silver veining
HEIGHT: 30-50 cm · SPREAD: 30-40 cm
Thalictrum kiusianum
DWARF MEADOW RUE
- Mat-forming rhizomatous perennial
- Blue-green fern-like foliage
- Cloud-like sprays of pale lavender flowers
HEIGHT: 10-15 cm · SPREAD: 25-30 cm
Thalictrum pubescens
TALL MEADOWRUE
- The pinnate leaves have three or more leaflets with rounded lobes
- White flowers are arranged in large terminal clusters
- Naturally found in meadows, open woodlands, or along a woodland edge
HEIGHT: 150-180 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Thalictrum x 'Black Stockings'
MEADOW RUE
- Clusters of lavender-purple flowers on tall jet-black stems
- Stems are darkest when grown in full sun
- Lacy columbine-like mid-green foliage
HEIGHT: 120-150 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Thelypteris palustris
MARSH FERN
- AKA Dryopteris thelypteris, Thelypteris thelypteroides
- Single pale green pinnate feathery fronds
- Non-clumping form; it spreads by long creeping rhizomes
HEIGHT: 45-70 cm · SPREAD: 100-200 cm
Thuja occidentalis
EASTERN WHITE CEDAR
- Upright pyramidal with slightly arching branches
- Light green foliage grows in flattened sprays
- Colour fades to a duller bronze-green
HEIGHT: 10-12 m · SPREAD: 3-4 m
Tiarella cordifolia
FOAM FLOWER
- Rhizomatous perennial vigorously spreads by trailing stolons
- Heart-shaped to maple-shaped leaves with 3-5 lobes, 10 cm across
- Leaves may develop reddish variegation along the veins
HEIGHT: 10-15 cm · SPREAD: 40-50 cm
Tilia americana
BASSWOOD
- Oval to rounded crown with upright growing branches
- Ovate dark green leaves turn a pale yellow in the fall
- Fragrant pale yellow flowers
HEIGHT: 20-25 m · SPREAD: 13-15 m
Tradescantia ohiensis
OHIO SPIDERWORT
- Upright tufted clump-forming perennial
- Numerous buds form in a terminal cluster
- Three petals form a triangular-shaped flower with hairy stamens
HEIGHT: 75-90 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Trillium catesbaei
BASHFUL WAKEROBIN
- White flowers turn pink with age
- Blooms face downward with narrow petals
- Green foliage on a purplish stem
HEIGHT: 25-30 cm · SPREAD: 25-30 cm
Trillium erectum
RED TRILLIUM
- Native to woodlands throughout North America
- Outward-facing deep red three-petaled flowers
- Stalkless broadly ovate mid-green leaves
HEIGHT: 15-30 cm · SPREAD: 10-15 cm
Trillium grandiflorum
WHITE TRILLIUM
- Native to woodlands throughout North America
- Showiest of all the native trillium
- Outward-facing white three-petaled flowers
HEIGHT: 20-30 cm · SPREAD: 20-30 cm
Trillium recurvatum
WOOD LILY
- Upright purple to brownish-purple flowers
- Stalkless with purple mottled dark green foliage
- Spreads by thick underground rhizomes
HEIGHT: 30-50 cm · SPREAD: 25-30 cm
Trillium sessile
WOOD LILY
- Leaves and petals and sepals come in groups of three
- Hosta-like leaves are mottled with purple, mint and white
- Flower is three erect petals of maroon, to brownish-purple to dark red
HEIGHT: 30 cm · SPREAD: 30 cm
Tsuga canadensis
EASTERN HEMLOCK
- Pyramidal growth habit when young
- Flat sprays of lacy short dark green needles
- Needles have two white bands underneath
HEIGHT: 18-21 m · SPREAD: 8-10 m
Typha angustifolia
NARROWLEAF CATTAIL
- Clumping spreading stands of narrow sword-like leaves
- Central flower stalks are equal to the height of the leaves
- Male and female flowers are held separately
HEIGHT: 175-200 cm · SPREAD: 200-500 cm
Typha latifolia
BROADLEAF CATTAIL
- Clumping spreading stands of sword-like leaves
- Central flower stalks, equal to the height of the leaves, hold male and female flowers
- Cylindrical flowers turn brown after fertilization
HEIGHT: 125-200 cm · SPREAD: 200-500 cm
Typha latifolia 'Variegata'
VARIEGATED CATTAIL
- Clumping spreading stands of sword-like leaves have creamy-white centre stripes
- Central flower stalks are equal to the height of the leaves and hold male and female flowers
- Cylindrical flowers turn brown after fertilization
HEIGHT: 120-150 cm · SPREAD: 120-150 cm
Typha laxmannii
DWARF CATTAIL / GRACEFUL CATTAIL
- Clumping, spreading stands of narrow sword-like leaves
- Central flower stalks equal to the height of the leaves
- Male and female flowers are held separately
HEIGHT: 100-150 cm · SPREAD: 200-500 cm
Uvularia grandiflora
LARGE-FLOWERED BELLWORT
- Clump forming upright native wildflower
- Long bell-shaped yellow flowers
- Flowers have six slightly twisted petals
HEIGHT: 50-60 cm · SPREAD: 30-45 cm
Vaccinium angustifolium
LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY
- Clusters of white flowers
- Small sweet dark blue fruit
- Glossy blue-green leaves turn purple in the fall
HEIGHT: 50-60 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Verbena hastata
BLUE VERVAIN
- Clump forming with a stiff upright habit
- Candelabra-like flowers on pencil-like spikes
- Blooms are purplish-blue
HEIGHT: 125-200 cm · SPREAD: 60-90 cm
Verbena stricta
HOARY VERVAIN
- Clump forming perennial
- Gray-green foliage and stems
- Blue-purple flowers are densely packed on pencil-like stems
HEIGHT: 90-125 cm · SPREAD: 60-80 cm
Vernonia noveboracensis
NEW YORK IRONWEED
- Tall coarse upright form
- Tiny deep purple composite blooms
- Stiff stems hold pointed lance-shaped leaves
HEIGHT: 125-150 cm · SPREAD: 100-125 cm
Veronicastrum virginicum
CULVER'S ROOT
- AKA Leptandra virginica, Veronica virginica
- Large upright perennial
- Tubular white or pink flowers form dense spikes atop the stems
HEIGHT: 125-175 cm · SPREAD: 60-80 cm
Veronicastrum virginicum 'Fascination'
CULVER'S ROOT
- Tall upright clumping habit
- Tubular soft lavender flowers form dense spikes atop the stems
- Lance-shaped dark green leaves with a reddish tinge
HEIGHT: 70-75 cm · SPREAD: 60-75 cm
Veronicastrum virginicum Lavender Towers ('Lavendelturm')
LAVENDER TOWERS CULVER'S ROOT
- Tall upright clumping habit
- Tubular pale purple flowers form dense spikes atop the stems
- Lance-shaped dark green leaves with a reddish tinge
HEIGHT: 150 cm · SPREAD: 100 cm
Veronicastrum virginicum 'Red Arrows'
CULVER'S ROOT
- Tall upright clumping habit
- Flower buds are deep pink to red
- Spiked buds open to lilac flowers
HEIGHT: 75-110 cm · SPREAD: 50-60 cm
Veronicastrum virginicum f. roseum 'Pink Glow'
CULVER'S ROOT
- Tall upright clumping habit
- Tubular pale pink flowers form dense spikes atop the stems
- Lance-shaped dark green leaves with a reddish tinge
HEIGHT: 70-75 cm · SPREAD: 60-75 cm
Viburnum acerifolium
MAPLELEAF VIBURNUM
- Tiny white flowers in long-stalked flat-topped cymes
- Medium green maple-like leaves turn reddish-purple to magenta in fall
- Pea-sized fruit ripen to bluish-black in late summer
HEIGHT: 150-175 cm · SPREAD: 100-125 cm
Viburnum cassinoides
WITHEROD
- Flat-topped clusters of creamy-white flowers
- Green fruit turns pink to red to blue to black in fall persisting after leaf drop
- Leaves emerge with bronze tones, maturing to a glossy dark green
HEIGHT: 125-150 cm · SPREAD: 125-150 cm
Viburnum dentatum
ARROWWOOD
- Flat-topped clusters of creamy-white flowers in spring
- Bluish-black fruit in fall attractive to birds
- Glossy dark green leaves turning yellow to reddish-purple in fall
HEIGHT: 175-200 cm · SPREAD: 175-200 cm
Viburnum lantana
WAYFARING TREE
- Flat-topped clusters of creamy-white flowers
- Fruit starts off pinkish-red maturing to bluish-black
- The fruit ripens in the fall and is highly attractive to birds
HEIGHT: 250-300 cm · SPREAD: 175-200 cm
Viburnum lentago
NANNYBERRY
- Flat-topped clusters of creamy-white flowers
- Bluish-black fruit in the fall is attractive to birds
- Glossy green leaves turn reddish-purple in the fall
HEIGHT: 5-6 m · SPREAD: 175-200 cm
Viburnum trilobum
HIGHBUSH CRANBERRY
- Flat-topped clusters of creamy-white flowers
- Red berries are attractive to birds
- Textured three-lobed green leaves turn reddish-purple in the fall
HEIGHT: 250-300 cm · SPREAD: 250-300 cm
Vitis riparia
FROST GRAPE
- Drooping panicles of small five-petaled yellowish-green flowers
- Blooms have a sweet musky fragrance
- Small green berries age to deep purple
HEIGHT: 10-15 m · SPREAD: 8-10 m
Waldsteinia fragarioides
BARREN STRAWBERRY
- AKA Geum fragarioides
- Mat-forming rhizomatous perennial
- Dark green to bronze strawberry-like leaves
HEIGHT: 5-10 cm · SPREAD: 30-40 cm
Woodsia obtusa
CLIFF FERN
- Feathery dull green mounding fronds
- Leaflets are blunt-lobed
- Leaflets have hairy undersides when young
HEIGHT: 30-50 cm · SPREAD: 25-40 cm
Woodwardia virginica
VIRGINIA CHAIN FERN
- AKA Anchistea virginica
- Deeply cut leathery green fronds
- Thick black central stem
HEIGHT: 50-70 cm · SPREAD: 60-90 cm
Zizia aurea
GOLDEN ALEXANDER
- Branching erect reddish stems
- Each tiny flower is composed of five sepals, five petals and five stamens
- These tiny flowers form a large flat-topped cluster
HEIGHT: 75-80 cm · SPREAD: 45-60 cm